Câu hỏi: Cho số phức $z$ thỏa mãn $\left| z \right|=1$. GTLN của biểu thức $P=\left| {{z}^{3}}-z+2 \right|$ là:
A. $3$.
B. $\sqrt{15}$.
C. $\sqrt{13}$.
D. $4$.
A. $3$.
B. $\sqrt{15}$.
C. $\sqrt{13}$.
D. $4$.
Đặt $z=x+yi\left( x,y\in \mathbb{R} \right)$.
Theo giả thiết, $\left| z \right|=1\Rightarrow z.\overline{z}=1$ và ${{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}=1$.
$P=\left| z \right|.\left| {{z}^{2}}-1+2\overline{z} \right|=\left| {{z}^{2}}-1+2\overline{z} \right|=\left| {{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}+2xyi-1+2x-2yi \right|=\left| \left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-{{y}^{2}}-1 \right)+2y\left( x-1 \right)i \right|$
$=\sqrt{{{\left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-{{y}^{2}}-1 \right)}^{2}}+4{{y}^{2}}{{\left( x-1 \right)}^{2}}}=\sqrt{{{\left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-1+{{x}^{2}}-1 \right)}^{2}}+4\left( 1-{{x}^{2}} \right){{\left( x-1 \right)}^{2}}}$ (vì ${{y}^{2}}=1-{{x}^{2}}$ )
$=\sqrt{16{{x}^{3}}-4{{x}^{2}}-16x+8}$.
Vì ${{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}=1\Rightarrow {{x}^{2}}=1-{{y}^{2}}\le 1\Rightarrow -1\le x\le 1$.
Xét hàm số $f\left( x \right)=16{{x}^{3}}-4{{x}^{2}}-16x+8,x\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right]$.
${f}'\left( x \right)=48{{x}^{2}}-8x-16$. ${f}'\left( x \right)=0\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{aligned}
& x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right] \\
& x=\dfrac{2}{3}\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right] \\
\end{aligned} \right.$.
$f\left( -1 \right)=4$ ; $f\left( -\dfrac{1}{2} \right)=13$ ; $f\left( \dfrac{2}{3} \right)=\dfrac{8}{27}$ ; $f\left( 1 \right)=4$.
$\Rightarrow \underset{\left[ -1 ; 1 \right]}{\mathop{\max }} f\left( x \right)=f\left( -\dfrac{1}{2} \right)=13$.
Vậy $\max P=\sqrt{13}$.
Theo giả thiết, $\left| z \right|=1\Rightarrow z.\overline{z}=1$ và ${{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}=1$.
$P=\left| z \right|.\left| {{z}^{2}}-1+2\overline{z} \right|=\left| {{z}^{2}}-1+2\overline{z} \right|=\left| {{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}+2xyi-1+2x-2yi \right|=\left| \left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-{{y}^{2}}-1 \right)+2y\left( x-1 \right)i \right|$
$=\sqrt{{{\left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-{{y}^{2}}-1 \right)}^{2}}+4{{y}^{2}}{{\left( x-1 \right)}^{2}}}=\sqrt{{{\left( {{x}^{2}}+2x-1+{{x}^{2}}-1 \right)}^{2}}+4\left( 1-{{x}^{2}} \right){{\left( x-1 \right)}^{2}}}$ (vì ${{y}^{2}}=1-{{x}^{2}}$ )
$=\sqrt{16{{x}^{3}}-4{{x}^{2}}-16x+8}$.
Vì ${{x}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}=1\Rightarrow {{x}^{2}}=1-{{y}^{2}}\le 1\Rightarrow -1\le x\le 1$.
Xét hàm số $f\left( x \right)=16{{x}^{3}}-4{{x}^{2}}-16x+8,x\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right]$.
${f}'\left( x \right)=48{{x}^{2}}-8x-16$. ${f}'\left( x \right)=0\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{aligned}
& x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right] \\
& x=\dfrac{2}{3}\in \left[ -1 ; 1 \right] \\
\end{aligned} \right.$.
$f\left( -1 \right)=4$ ; $f\left( -\dfrac{1}{2} \right)=13$ ; $f\left( \dfrac{2}{3} \right)=\dfrac{8}{27}$ ; $f\left( 1 \right)=4$.
$\Rightarrow \underset{\left[ -1 ; 1 \right]}{\mathop{\max }} f\left( x \right)=f\left( -\dfrac{1}{2} \right)=13$.
Vậy $\max P=\sqrt{13}$.
Đáp án C.