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Câu hỏi: Cho sơ đồ các phản ứng sau:
$\text{ (a) }{{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangnean}}{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$\text{ (b) }{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{4}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{ (c) }{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\to {{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{X}}_{5}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{ (d) }{{\text{X}}_{4}}+{{\text{X}}_{6}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Các chất X5, X6 thỏa mãn sơ đồ trên lần lượt là
A. NaClO, H2SO4.
B. Ca(HCO3)2, NaHSO4
C. Ca(HCO3)2, H2SO4.
D. NaClO, NaHSO4.
$\text{ (a) }{{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangnean}}{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$\text{ (b) }{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{4}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{ (c) }{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\to {{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{X}}_{5}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{ (d) }{{\text{X}}_{4}}+{{\text{X}}_{6}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Các chất X5, X6 thỏa mãn sơ đồ trên lần lượt là
A. NaClO, H2SO4.
B. Ca(HCO3)2, NaHSO4
C. Ca(HCO3)2, H2SO4.
D. NaClO, NaHSO4.
Phương pháp:
Suy luận X1 là NaCl; X2 là NaOH; X3 là Cl2. Từ đó tìm được các chất còn lại.
Hướng dẫn giải:
(a) ${{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangngan}}{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$2\text{NaCl}+2{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangngan}}2\text{NaOH}+\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
(b) ${{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{4}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$2\text{NaOH}+\text{Ca}{{\left( \text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+2{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
(c) ${{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\to {{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{X}}_{5}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{NaOH}+\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{2}}\to \text{NaCl}+\text{NaClO}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
(d) ${{\text{X}}_{4}}+{{\text{X}}_{6}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{Ca}{{\left( \text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}+\text{NaHS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Vậy X5 là NaClO và X6 là NaHSO4
Suy luận X1 là NaCl; X2 là NaOH; X3 là Cl2. Từ đó tìm được các chất còn lại.
Hướng dẫn giải:
(a) ${{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangngan}}{{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$2\text{NaCl}+2{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\xrightarrow{\text{dienphancomangngan}}2\text{NaOH}+\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
(b) ${{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{4}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$2\text{NaOH}+\text{Ca}{{\left( \text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}\to \text{CaC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+2{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
(c) ${{\text{X}}_{2}}+{{\text{X}}_{3}}\to {{\text{X}}_{1}}+{{\text{X}}_{5}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{NaOH}+\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{2}}\to \text{NaCl}+\text{NaClO}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
(d) ${{\text{X}}_{4}}+{{\text{X}}_{6}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
$\text{Ca}{{\left( \text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}+\text{NaHS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}\to \text{CaS}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{4}}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Vậy X5 là NaClO và X6 là NaHSO4
Đáp án D.