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Câu hỏi: Cho các chất: Al, AlCl3, NH4HCO3, KHSO4, NaHS, Fe(NO3)2. Số chất vừa phản ứng với dung dịch NaOH vừa phản ứng với dung dịch HCl là:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Hướng dẫn giải:
Các chất vừa phản ứng với NaOH và HCl là: $\text{Al},\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}},\text{NaHS},\text{Fe}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}\to $ 4 chất
PTHH:
$\text{Al}+\text{NaOH}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\to \text{NaAl}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+1,5{{\text{H}}_{2}};$ $\text{Al}+3\text{HCl}\to \text{AlC}{{\text{l}}_{3}}+1,5{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{NaOH}\to \text{NaHC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O};$ $\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{HCl}\to \text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{Cl}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}\uparrow $
$\text{NaHS}+\text{NaOH}\to \text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O;}$ $\text{NaHS}+\text{HCl}\to \text{NaCl}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{S}\uparrow $
$\text{Fe}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}+2\text{NaOH}\to \text{Fe}{{(\text{OH})}_{2}}+2\text{NaN}{{\text{O}}_{3}}$ $\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{2+}}+{{\text{H}}^{+}}+\text{NO}_{3}^{-}\to \text{F}{{\text{e}}^{3+}}+\text{SPK}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Các chất vừa phản ứng với NaOH và HCl là: $\text{Al},\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}},\text{NaHS},\text{Fe}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}\to $ 4 chất
PTHH:
$\text{Al}+\text{NaOH}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}\to \text{NaAl}{{\text{O}}_{2}}+1,5{{\text{H}}_{2}};$ $\text{Al}+3\text{HCl}\to \text{AlC}{{\text{l}}_{3}}+1,5{{\text{H}}_{2}}$
$\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{NaOH}\to \text{NaHC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{3}}\uparrow +{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O};$ $\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{HC}{{\text{O}}_{3}}+\text{HCl}\to \text{N}{{\text{H}}_{4}}\text{Cl}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}+\text{C}{{\text{O}}_{2}}\uparrow $
$\text{NaHS}+\text{NaOH}\to \text{N}{{\text{a}}_{2}}\text{S}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O;}$ $\text{NaHS}+\text{HCl}\to \text{NaCl}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{S}\uparrow $
$\text{Fe}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{O}}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}+2\text{NaOH}\to \text{Fe}{{(\text{OH})}_{2}}+2\text{NaN}{{\text{O}}_{3}}$ $\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{2+}}+{{\text{H}}^{+}}+\text{NO}_{3}^{-}\to \text{F}{{\text{e}}^{3+}}+\text{SPK}+{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}$
Đáp án B.