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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 20 to 24.
The popular view that music enhances creativity has been challenged by researchers who say it has the opposite effect. Psychologists from the University of Central Lancashire, University of Gävle in Sweden and Lancaster University investigated the impact of background music on performance by presenting people with verbal insight problems that are believed to tap creativity.
They found that background music "significantly impaired" people ability to complete tasks testing verbal creativity - but there was no effect for background library noise. For example, a participant was shown three words (e.g., dress, dial, flower), with the requirement being to find a single associated word (in this case "sun") that can be combined to make a common word or phrase (i.e., sundress, sundial and sunflower).
The researchers used experiments involving verbal tasks in either a quiet environment or while exposed to: (1) Background music with foreign (unfamiliar) lyrics; (2) Instrumental music without lyrics; or (3) Music with familiar lyrics. Dr. Neil McLatchie of Lancaster University said: "We found strong evidence of impaired performance when playing background music in comparison to quiet background conditions. "Researchers suggest this may be because music disrupts verbal working memory.
The third experiment - exposure to music with familiar lyrics - impaired creativity regardless of whether the music also boosted mood, induced a positive mood, was liked by the participants, or whether participants typically studied in the presence of music.
However, there was no significant difference in performance of the verbal tasks between the quiet and library noise conditions. Researchers say this is because library noise is a "steady state" environment which is not as disruptive. "To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music enhances creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of semantic content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics), consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving."
A. no significant difference
B. performance of the verbal tasks
C. the significant difference
D. the quiet environment
The popular view that music enhances creativity has been challenged by researchers who say it has the opposite effect. Psychologists from the University of Central Lancashire, University of Gävle in Sweden and Lancaster University investigated the impact of background music on performance by presenting people with verbal insight problems that are believed to tap creativity.
They found that background music "significantly impaired" people ability to complete tasks testing verbal creativity - but there was no effect for background library noise. For example, a participant was shown three words (e.g., dress, dial, flower), with the requirement being to find a single associated word (in this case "sun") that can be combined to make a common word or phrase (i.e., sundress, sundial and sunflower).
The researchers used experiments involving verbal tasks in either a quiet environment or while exposed to: (1) Background music with foreign (unfamiliar) lyrics; (2) Instrumental music without lyrics; or (3) Music with familiar lyrics. Dr. Neil McLatchie of Lancaster University said: "We found strong evidence of impaired performance when playing background music in comparison to quiet background conditions. "Researchers suggest this may be because music disrupts verbal working memory.
The third experiment - exposure to music with familiar lyrics - impaired creativity regardless of whether the music also boosted mood, induced a positive mood, was liked by the participants, or whether participants typically studied in the presence of music.
However, there was no significant difference in performance of the verbal tasks between the quiet and library noise conditions. Researchers say this is because library noise is a "steady state" environment which is not as disruptive. "To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music enhances creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of semantic content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics), consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving."
(Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190227081542.htm)
The word "this" in the last paragraph refers to _____ .A. no significant difference
B. performance of the verbal tasks
C. the significant difference
D. the quiet environment
Giải thích:
Từ "this" trong đoạn cuối đề cập đến _______.
A. không có sự khác biệt đáng kể
B. hiệu suất làm nhiệm vụ qua lời nói
C. sự khác biệt đáng kể
D. môi trường tĩnh lặng
Thông tin:
However, there was no significant difference in performance of the verbal tasks between the quiet and library noise conditions. Researchers say this is because library noise is a "steady state" environment which is not as disruptive. (Tuy nhiên, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể về hiệu suất làm nhiệm vụ bằng lời nói giữa điều kiện yên tĩnh và ồn ào của thư viện. Các nhà nghiên cứu nói rằng điều này là do tiếng ồn thư viện là một môi trường "trạng thái ổn định" không có tính gây gián đoạn.)
Từ "this" trong đoạn cuối đề cập đến _______.
A. không có sự khác biệt đáng kể
B. hiệu suất làm nhiệm vụ qua lời nói
C. sự khác biệt đáng kể
D. môi trường tĩnh lặng
Thông tin:
However, there was no significant difference in performance of the verbal tasks between the quiet and library noise conditions. Researchers say this is because library noise is a "steady state" environment which is not as disruptive. (Tuy nhiên, không có sự khác biệt đáng kể về hiệu suất làm nhiệm vụ bằng lời nói giữa điều kiện yên tĩnh và ồn ào của thư viện. Các nhà nghiên cứu nói rằng điều này là do tiếng ồn thư viện là một môi trường "trạng thái ổn định" không có tính gây gián đoạn.)
Đáp án A.