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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual–the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well–to–do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty–five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that________.
A. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual–the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well–to–do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty–five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that________.
A. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
B. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích: Lịch sử trường hợp của cặp song sinh dường như ủng hộ kết luận rằng.
A. cá nhân có bộ não giống hệt nhau hiếm khi thử nghiệm ở cùng cấp độ
B. trí thông minh của một cá nhân chỉ được xác định bởi môi trường của anh ta
C. thiếu cơ hội ngăn chặn sự phát triển của trí thông minh
D. sự thay đổi của môi trường tạo ra những thay đổi trong cấu trúc của não
Thông tin: "Mark was reared in the home of well–to–do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty–five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother."
Tạm dịch: Mark được nuôi ở gia đình giàu có và được học hành tử tế, cố cơ hội để phát triển trí thông minh. Còn Peter được nuôi trong gia đình dân trí thấp với giáo dục nghèo nàn, ko có cơ hội phát triển. Cuối cùng đến tuổi trung niên, khi test IQ thì IQ của Mark là 125, cao hơn 25 điểm trung bình và hơn 45 điểm so với anh em sinh đôi của nó.
Giải thích: Lịch sử trường hợp của cặp song sinh dường như ủng hộ kết luận rằng.
A. cá nhân có bộ não giống hệt nhau hiếm khi thử nghiệm ở cùng cấp độ
B. trí thông minh của một cá nhân chỉ được xác định bởi môi trường của anh ta
C. thiếu cơ hội ngăn chặn sự phát triển của trí thông minh
D. sự thay đổi của môi trường tạo ra những thay đổi trong cấu trúc của não
Thông tin: "Mark was reared in the home of well–to–do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty–five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother."
Tạm dịch: Mark được nuôi ở gia đình giàu có và được học hành tử tế, cố cơ hội để phát triển trí thông minh. Còn Peter được nuôi trong gia đình dân trí thấp với giáo dục nghèo nàn, ko có cơ hội phát triển. Cuối cùng đến tuổi trung niên, khi test IQ thì IQ của Mark là 125, cao hơn 25 điểm trung bình và hơn 45 điểm so với anh em sinh đôi của nó.
Đáp án C.