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Câu hỏi: Tính góc giữa hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow a \) và \(\overrightarrow b \)trong các trường hợp sau
a) \(\overrightarrow a = (2; - 3),\overrightarrow b = (6;4)\)
b) \(\overrightarrow a = (3;2),\overrightarrow b = (5; - 1)\)
c) \(\overrightarrow a = ( - 2; - 2\sqrt 3 ),\overrightarrow b = (3;\sqrt 3 )\)
a) \(\overrightarrow a = (2; - 3),\overrightarrow b = (6;4)\)
b) \(\overrightarrow a = (3;2),\overrightarrow b = (5; - 1)\)
c) \(\overrightarrow a = ( - 2; - 2\sqrt 3 ),\overrightarrow b = (3;\sqrt 3 )\)
Phương pháp giải
+) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}}\)
+) \(\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = x_a.x_b +y_a.y_b\)
+) \(|\overrightarrow a | = \sqrt {{x_a}^2 +{y_a}^2}\)
Lời giải chi tiết
a) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{2.6 + ( - 3).4}}{{\sqrt {{2^2} + {{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2}} .\sqrt {{6^2} + {4^2}} }} = 0 \Rightarrow \overrightarrow a \bot \overrightarrow b \)
b) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{3.5 + 2.( - 1)}}{{\sqrt {{3^2} + {2^2}} .\sqrt {{5^2} + {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^2}} }} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 45^\circ \)
c) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{\left( { - 2} \right).3 + ( - 2\sqrt 3 ).\sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt {{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^2} + {{\left( { - 2\sqrt 3 } \right)}^2}} .\sqrt {{3^2} + {{\sqrt 3 }^2}} }} = - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 150^\circ \)
+) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}}\)
+) \(\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b = x_a.x_b +y_a.y_b\)
+) \(|\overrightarrow a | = \sqrt {{x_a}^2 +{y_a}^2}\)
Lời giải chi tiết
a) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{2.6 + ( - 3).4}}{{\sqrt {{2^2} + {{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2}} .\sqrt {{6^2} + {4^2}} }} = 0 \Rightarrow \overrightarrow a \bot \overrightarrow b \)
b) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{3.5 + 2.( - 1)}}{{\sqrt {{3^2} + {2^2}} .\sqrt {{5^2} + {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^2}} }} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 45^\circ \)
c) \(\cos \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{{\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b }}{{\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right|.\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right|}} = \frac{{\left( { - 2} \right).3 + ( - 2\sqrt 3 ).\sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt {{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^2} + {{\left( { - 2\sqrt 3 } \right)}^2}} .\sqrt {{3^2} + {{\sqrt 3 }^2}} }} = - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} \Rightarrow \left( {\overrightarrow a ,\overrightarrow b } \right) = 150^\circ \)