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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
B. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
C. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
D. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. 54% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.
B. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty.
C. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well.
D. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed.
Nhận định nào sau đây là đúng, theo đoạn văn?
A. 54% dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố vào năm 2050.
B. Mật độ dân số ngày càng gia tăng có thể giúp giải quyết tình trạng nghèo đói.
C.Đô thị hóa mang lại những lợi ích quan trọng để phát triển.
D. Các rủi ro không thể được giải quyết hiệu quả dù thành phố có được quản lý tốt ra sao.
Thông tin:
+ It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. (Ước tính rằng trước năm 2050 hơn 2/3 dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố, tăng lên từ khoảng 54% ngày nay.)
→ A sai
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. (Nhưng mật độ dân số tăng nhanh có thể gây ra các vấn đề nghiêm trọng, nhất là nếu các nỗ lực quy hoạch không đủ để đối phó với làn sóng cư dân mới. Trong một số trường hợp cực đoan, hậu quả có thể là tình trạng nghèo đói diện rộng.)
→ B sai
+ How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. (Mức độ giải quyết hiệu quả những rủi ro này sẽ ngày càng được xác định rõ bằng sự quản lý của các thành phố.)
→ D sai
+ Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. (Đô thị hóa tự nó không xấu. Nó mang lại những lợi ích quan trọng cho sự phát triển kinh tế, văn hóa và xã hội.)
→ C đúng
A. 54% dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố vào năm 2050.
B. Mật độ dân số ngày càng gia tăng có thể giúp giải quyết tình trạng nghèo đói.
C.Đô thị hóa mang lại những lợi ích quan trọng để phát triển.
D. Các rủi ro không thể được giải quyết hiệu quả dù thành phố có được quản lý tốt ra sao.
Thông tin:
+ It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. (Ước tính rằng trước năm 2050 hơn 2/3 dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố, tăng lên từ khoảng 54% ngày nay.)
→ A sai
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. (Nhưng mật độ dân số tăng nhanh có thể gây ra các vấn đề nghiêm trọng, nhất là nếu các nỗ lực quy hoạch không đủ để đối phó với làn sóng cư dân mới. Trong một số trường hợp cực đoan, hậu quả có thể là tình trạng nghèo đói diện rộng.)
→ B sai
+ How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. (Mức độ giải quyết hiệu quả những rủi ro này sẽ ngày càng được xác định rõ bằng sự quản lý của các thành phố.)
→ D sai
+ Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. (Đô thị hóa tự nó không xấu. Nó mang lại những lợi ích quan trọng cho sự phát triển kinh tế, văn hóa và xã hội.)
→ C đúng
Đáp án C.