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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.
A diver descends into an underwater cave, a scientist researches a dangerous disease, and an entrepreneur invests in a new business. Each time we try something new, we take a risk. Sometimes, like the diver or the businessman, we take big risks, usually for obvious reasons-for fame, for money, or to save lives. Most people will take some risk to achieve one of these goals. But as the danger increases, the number of people willing to go forward decreases. Only extreme risk-takers continue on. The question is: What exactly drives these people to go on when others would stop?
To answer this question, scientists are studying the biological factors involved in risk-taking. Their research focuses on certain chemicals in the brain. An important chemical in risk-taking is dopamine. It motivates us to seek out and learn new things, and it helps us process emotions like anxiety and fear. When we accomplish a task, dopamine produces a feeling of satisfaction; it makes us feel good. The riskier the task, the more dopamine we produce, and the better we feel.
Dopamine production may make us feel good, but being in a high-risk situation for an extended period of time is also stressful and can be dangerous. Successful risk-takers must learn to deal with the fear associated with high-risk situations to reduce stress and stay safe. In reality, adapting to risk is something we all learn to do. Take, for example, learning to drive a car. At first, a new driver may be afraid to travel on freeways. In time, though, as the driver gains experience, he or she will move comfortably into speeding traffic and will worry less about the danger. The work that marine biologist and deep-sea diver Rhian Waller does illustrates this well. She studies life in some of the deepest and coldest waters on Earth. How does Waller control her fear and stay safe in these high-risk situations? "It comes with practice," she says. "It's knowing exactly what to do when something goes wrong. We prepare well for each of our expeditions, and we try to minimize the number of risks we take."
Of course, a person doesn't have to be a deep-sea diver to be a risk-taker. Taking risks is part of being human. We are all motivated to experience new things. In order to do so, we have to take chances and, of course, we may fail.
(Adapted from Reading Explorer by Nancy Douglas and David Bohlke)
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Fewer people are ready to take risks when situations are becoming more dangerous.
B. Dopamine is useful in terms of helping us deal with fear when doing something risky.
C. In order to get over worry in stressful situations, we have to take some risks.
D. Running a car for the first time can be a frightening experience for new drivers.
A diver descends into an underwater cave, a scientist researches a dangerous disease, and an entrepreneur invests in a new business. Each time we try something new, we take a risk. Sometimes, like the diver or the businessman, we take big risks, usually for obvious reasons-for fame, for money, or to save lives. Most people will take some risk to achieve one of these goals. But as the danger increases, the number of people willing to go forward decreases. Only extreme risk-takers continue on. The question is: What exactly drives these people to go on when others would stop?
To answer this question, scientists are studying the biological factors involved in risk-taking. Their research focuses on certain chemicals in the brain. An important chemical in risk-taking is dopamine. It motivates us to seek out and learn new things, and it helps us process emotions like anxiety and fear. When we accomplish a task, dopamine produces a feeling of satisfaction; it makes us feel good. The riskier the task, the more dopamine we produce, and the better we feel.
Dopamine production may make us feel good, but being in a high-risk situation for an extended period of time is also stressful and can be dangerous. Successful risk-takers must learn to deal with the fear associated with high-risk situations to reduce stress and stay safe. In reality, adapting to risk is something we all learn to do. Take, for example, learning to drive a car. At first, a new driver may be afraid to travel on freeways. In time, though, as the driver gains experience, he or she will move comfortably into speeding traffic and will worry less about the danger. The work that marine biologist and deep-sea diver Rhian Waller does illustrates this well. She studies life in some of the deepest and coldest waters on Earth. How does Waller control her fear and stay safe in these high-risk situations? "It comes with practice," she says. "It's knowing exactly what to do when something goes wrong. We prepare well for each of our expeditions, and we try to minimize the number of risks we take."
Of course, a person doesn't have to be a deep-sea diver to be a risk-taker. Taking risks is part of being human. We are all motivated to experience new things. In order to do so, we have to take chances and, of course, we may fail.
(Adapted from Reading Explorer by Nancy Douglas and David Bohlke)
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Fewer people are ready to take risks when situations are becoming more dangerous.
B. Dopamine is useful in terms of helping us deal with fear when doing something risky.
C. In order to get over worry in stressful situations, we have to take some risks.
D. Running a car for the first time can be a frightening experience for new drivers.
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được nhắc đến trong đoạn văn?
A. Có ít người hơn sẵn sàng chấp nhận rủi ro khi tình huống trở nên nguy hiểm hơn.
B. Dopamine hữu ích trong việc giúp chúng ta đối phó với nỗi sợ khi làm điều gì đó mạo hiểm.
C. Để vượt qua lo lắng trong những tình huống căng thẳng, chúng ta phải mạo hiểm một chút.
D. Chạy xe lần đầu có thể là một trải nghiệm đáng sợ đối với những người mới lái xe.
Thông tin:
+ But as the danger increases, the number of people willing to go forward decreases. (Nhưng khi sự nguy hiểm tăng lên, số người sẵn sàng tiến lên sẽ giảm đi.)
→ A được nhắc đến
+ An important chemical in risk-taking is dopamine ... it helps us process emotions like anxiety and fear. (Một chất hóa học quan trọng trong việc mạo hiểm là dopamine ... nó giúp chúng ta xử lý các cảm xúc như lo lắng và sợ hãi.)
→ B được nhắc đến
Take, for example, learning to drive a car. At first, a new driver may be afraid to travel on freeways. (Lấy ví dụ, học lái xe ô tô. Lúc đầu, người mới lái xe có thể e ngại khi di chuyển trên đường cao tốc.)
→ D được nhắc đến
Vậy loại trừ đi, ta thấy C không được nhắc đến.
Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được nhắc đến trong đoạn văn?
A. Có ít người hơn sẵn sàng chấp nhận rủi ro khi tình huống trở nên nguy hiểm hơn.
B. Dopamine hữu ích trong việc giúp chúng ta đối phó với nỗi sợ khi làm điều gì đó mạo hiểm.
C. Để vượt qua lo lắng trong những tình huống căng thẳng, chúng ta phải mạo hiểm một chút.
D. Chạy xe lần đầu có thể là một trải nghiệm đáng sợ đối với những người mới lái xe.
Thông tin:
+ But as the danger increases, the number of people willing to go forward decreases. (Nhưng khi sự nguy hiểm tăng lên, số người sẵn sàng tiến lên sẽ giảm đi.)
→ A được nhắc đến
+ An important chemical in risk-taking is dopamine ... it helps us process emotions like anxiety and fear. (Một chất hóa học quan trọng trong việc mạo hiểm là dopamine ... nó giúp chúng ta xử lý các cảm xúc như lo lắng và sợ hãi.)
→ B được nhắc đến
Take, for example, learning to drive a car. At first, a new driver may be afraid to travel on freeways. (Lấy ví dụ, học lái xe ô tô. Lúc đầu, người mới lái xe có thể e ngại khi di chuyển trên đường cao tốc.)
→ D được nhắc đến
Vậy loại trừ đi, ta thấy C không được nhắc đến.
Đáp án C.