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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
A. About 54% of the world's population live in cities nowadays.
B. Rapidly increasing population density certainly reduces widespread poverty.
C. Well organized urbanization brings important benefits for economic development.
D. One of the main factors driving rapid urbanization is the hope of a better life in cities.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Adapted from https://www.zwich.com
Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?A. About 54% of the world's population live in cities nowadays.
B. Rapidly increasing population density certainly reduces widespread poverty.
C. Well organized urbanization brings important benefits for economic development.
D. One of the main factors driving rapid urbanization is the hope of a better life in cities.
Điều nào sau đây là KHÔNG đúng, theo đoạn văn?
A. Khoảng 54% dân số thế giới hiện nay sống ở các thành phố.
B. Mật độ dân số tăng nhanh chắc chắn làm giảm tình trạng nghèo đói trên diện rộng.
C. Đô thị hóa được tổ chức tốt mang lại lợi ích quan trọng cho phát triển kinh tế.
D. Một trong những yếu tố chính thúc đẩy quá trình đô thị hóa nhanh chóng là hy vọng về một cuộc sống tốt hơn ở các thành phố.
Thông tin:
+ It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. (Người ta ước tính rằng đến năm 2050, hơn hai phần ba dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố, tăng từ mức khoảng 54% hiện nay.)
→ A đúng
+ Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. (Các thành phố được quản lý tốt đều hiệu quả, tạo điều kiện cho kinh tế theo quy mô và hiệu ứng mạng lưới đồng thời giảm tác động đến môi trường giao thông.)
→ C đúng
+ For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. (Ví dụ, một trong những yếu tố chính là di cư từ nông thôn ra thành thị, được thúc đẩy bởi triển vọng có nhiều cơ hội việc làm hơn và hy vọng về một cuộc sống tốt hơn ở các thành phố.)
→ D đúng
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. (Nhưng mật độ dân số tăng nhanh có thể tạo ra những vấn đề nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt nếu những nỗ lực lập kế hoạch không đủ để đối phó với dòng cư dân mới. Trong những trường hợp cực đoan, kết quả có thể là nghèo đói lan rộng.)
→ B sai
A. Khoảng 54% dân số thế giới hiện nay sống ở các thành phố.
B. Mật độ dân số tăng nhanh chắc chắn làm giảm tình trạng nghèo đói trên diện rộng.
C. Đô thị hóa được tổ chức tốt mang lại lợi ích quan trọng cho phát triển kinh tế.
D. Một trong những yếu tố chính thúc đẩy quá trình đô thị hóa nhanh chóng là hy vọng về một cuộc sống tốt hơn ở các thành phố.
Thông tin:
+ It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. (Người ta ước tính rằng đến năm 2050, hơn hai phần ba dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố, tăng từ mức khoảng 54% hiện nay.)
→ A đúng
+ Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. (Các thành phố được quản lý tốt đều hiệu quả, tạo điều kiện cho kinh tế theo quy mô và hiệu ứng mạng lưới đồng thời giảm tác động đến môi trường giao thông.)
→ C đúng
+ For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. (Ví dụ, một trong những yếu tố chính là di cư từ nông thôn ra thành thị, được thúc đẩy bởi triển vọng có nhiều cơ hội việc làm hơn và hy vọng về một cuộc sống tốt hơn ở các thành phố.)
→ D đúng
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. (Nhưng mật độ dân số tăng nhanh có thể tạo ra những vấn đề nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt nếu những nỗ lực lập kế hoạch không đủ để đối phó với dòng cư dân mới. Trong những trường hợp cực đoan, kết quả có thể là nghèo đói lan rộng.)
→ B sai
Đáp án B.