The Collectors

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 29.
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled- a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions, they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is a concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
Source: Adapted from Objective PET​
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Water vapour might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions in the future.
B. Air pollution laws were first established in England in the fourteenth century.
C. Human activities have been ineffective in reducing air pollution.
D. When the level of carbon monoxide reaches about 15ppm, it is considered a pollutant.
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG đúng theo đoạn văn?
A. Hơi nước có thể được coi là chất gây ô nhiễm không khí trong những điều kiện nhất định trong tương lai.
B. Luật ô nhiễm không khí ra đời lần đầu tiên ở Anh vào thế kỉ XIV.
C. Các hoạt động của con người đã không hiệu quả trong việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm không khí.
D. Khi mức cacbon monoxit đạt khoảng 15ppm, nó được coi là chất gây ô nhiễm.
Thông tin:
- An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely.
- In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions. (ý A đúng)
- When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled- a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. (ý B đúng)
- Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm. (ý D đúng)
Tạm dịch:
- Chất gây ô nhiễm không khí được định nghĩa là một hợp chất được con người bổ sung trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp vào bầu khí quyển với số lượng như vậy có ảnh hưởng xấu đến con người, động vật, thảm thực vật hoặc vật liệu.
- Trong tương lai, ngay cả hơi nước cũng có thể được coi là chất gây ô nhiễm không khí trong những điều kiện nhất định.
- Khi luật ô nhiễm không khí đầu tiên được thiết lập ở Anh vào thế kỷ thứ mười bốn, các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí được giới hạn trong các hợp chất có thể nhìn thấy hoặc ngửi thấy - khác xa với danh sách các chất độc hại được biết đến ngày nay.
- Carbon monoxide, tuy nhiên có mức tự nhiên 0,1 ppm và thường không phải là chất gây ô nhiễm cho đến khi mức của nó đạt khoảng 15 ppm.
Đáp án C.
 

Quảng cáo

Back
Top