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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or onyour answer sheer to indicatethe correct answer to each of the questions
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives culturaland culturedare part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between cultureand civilization; the latter is a word derived not like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural patter, the use of the word culturehas been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word culturedmeans has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.
Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. The use of the word culturehas been changed since the 19th century.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between cultureand civilization.
C. The word culturecan be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.
D. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives culturaland culturedare part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between cultureand civilization; the latter is a word derived not like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural patter, the use of the word culturehas been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word culturedmeans has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.
Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. The use of the word culturehas been changed since the 19th century.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between cultureand civilization.
C. The word culturecan be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.
D. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
Kiến thức:Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được nêu trong đoạn văn?
A. Việc sử dụng từ văn hóađã được thay đổi kể từ thế kỷ 19.
B. Sự khác biệt đã được rút ra giữa nền văn hóavà nền văn minh.
C. Từ văn hóacó thể được dùng để chỉ toàn bộ lối sống của con người.
D. Nhân học và xã hội học đã cố gắng hạn chế các tham chiếu đến văn hóa.
Thông tin:
- While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural patter, the use of the word culturehas been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century.
- Distinctions have been drawn too between cultureand civilization; the latter is a word derived not like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city.
- At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Tạm dịch:
- Trong khi nền văn minh và sự man rợ đang đối chọi với nhau theo kiểu dường như là một khuôn mẫu hành vi vĩnh cửu, thì việc sử dụng từ văn hóađã bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi 6 quan niệm về sự tiến hóa trong thế kỷ 19 và sự phát triển trong thế kỷ 20.
- Do đó, đã có sự phân biệt giữa các nền văn hóa nguyên thủy, và các nền văn hóa tiên tiến, giữa nền văn hóa ưu tú và phổ biến, giữa văn hóa phổ biến và văn hóa đại chúng.
- Ít nhất là từ thế kỷ 19 trở đi, dưới ảnh hưởng của các nhà nhân chủng học và các nhà xã hội học, từ văn hóa đã được sử dụng chung ở cả số ít và số nhiều (các nền văn hóa) để chỉ toàn bộ cách sống của con người, bao gồm cả phong tục, luật, quy ước và giá trị của họ.
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được nêu trong đoạn văn?
A. Việc sử dụng từ văn hóađã được thay đổi kể từ thế kỷ 19.
B. Sự khác biệt đã được rút ra giữa nền văn hóavà nền văn minh.
C. Từ văn hóacó thể được dùng để chỉ toàn bộ lối sống của con người.
D. Nhân học và xã hội học đã cố gắng hạn chế các tham chiếu đến văn hóa.
Thông tin:
- While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual behavioural patter, the use of the word culturehas been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century.
- Distinctions have been drawn too between cultureand civilization; the latter is a word derived not like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city.
- At least from the 19th century onwards, under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Tạm dịch:
- Trong khi nền văn minh và sự man rợ đang đối chọi với nhau theo kiểu dường như là một khuôn mẫu hành vi vĩnh cửu, thì việc sử dụng từ văn hóađã bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi 6 quan niệm về sự tiến hóa trong thế kỷ 19 và sự phát triển trong thế kỷ 20.
- Do đó, đã có sự phân biệt giữa các nền văn hóa nguyên thủy, và các nền văn hóa tiên tiến, giữa nền văn hóa ưu tú và phổ biến, giữa văn hóa phổ biến và văn hóa đại chúng.
- Ít nhất là từ thế kỷ 19 trở đi, dưới ảnh hưởng của các nhà nhân chủng học và các nhà xã hội học, từ văn hóa đã được sử dụng chung ở cả số ít và số nhiều (các nền văn hóa) để chỉ toàn bộ cách sống của con người, bao gồm cả phong tục, luật, quy ước và giá trị của họ.
Đáp án D.