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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 18 to 24.
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It is polite when Australians ask each other about their salary
B. It is unacceptable to discuss financial issues with people you do not know well.
C. Australians often ask each other their ages and tell each other about children.
D. It is wise to ask how old they are.
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It is polite when Australians ask each other about their salary
B. It is unacceptable to discuss financial issues with people you do not know well.
C. Australians often ask each other their ages and tell each other about children.
D. It is wise to ask how old they are.
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây có thể suy ra từ đoạn cuối?
A. Việc người Úc hỏi nhau về tiền lương là lịch sự.
B. Việc thảo luận về các vấn đề tài chính với những người bạn không biết rõ là điều không thể chấp nhận.
C. Người Úc thường hỏi nhau về tuổi tác và kể nhau nghe về con cái.
D. Việc hỏi người khác bao nhiêu tuổi là điều khôn ngoan.
Thông tin:
+ Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. (Thậm chí là vậy, thì cũng rất bất lịch sự khi hỏi ai đó rằng họ kiếm được bao nhiêu tiền.)
→ A sai
+ With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. (Đối với những người lớn tuổi, việc hỏi họ bao nhiêu tuổi, vì sao họ chưa kết hôn hay tại sao họ lại không có con cái, cũng rất thô lỗ.)
→ C, D sai
+ Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. (Quan niệm về quyền riêng tư của người Úc đồng nghĩa với việc những lĩnh vực như vấn đề tài chính, ngoại hình và các mối quan hệ chỉ nên được thảo luận với bạn thân.)
→ B đúng
Điều nào sau đây có thể suy ra từ đoạn cuối?
A. Việc người Úc hỏi nhau về tiền lương là lịch sự.
B. Việc thảo luận về các vấn đề tài chính với những người bạn không biết rõ là điều không thể chấp nhận.
C. Người Úc thường hỏi nhau về tuổi tác và kể nhau nghe về con cái.
D. Việc hỏi người khác bao nhiêu tuổi là điều khôn ngoan.
Thông tin:
+ Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. (Thậm chí là vậy, thì cũng rất bất lịch sự khi hỏi ai đó rằng họ kiếm được bao nhiêu tiền.)
→ A sai
+ With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. (Đối với những người lớn tuổi, việc hỏi họ bao nhiêu tuổi, vì sao họ chưa kết hôn hay tại sao họ lại không có con cái, cũng rất thô lỗ.)
→ C, D sai
+ Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. (Quan niệm về quyền riêng tư của người Úc đồng nghĩa với việc những lĩnh vực như vấn đề tài chính, ngoại hình và các mối quan hệ chỉ nên được thảo luận với bạn thân.)
→ B đúng
Đáp án B.