Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 45.
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn't forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land, none of the other migrations could have happened.
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins, the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.
There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoise. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived in land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.
(Adapted from Cambridge English IELTS 9)
Which of the following best serves as the main idea for the passage?
A. The evidences of the time marine animals moved to land.
B. The relationship between terrestrial species and marine creatures.
C. The reasons why species had to change their living place.
D. The evolution of marine species in changing places to live.
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn't forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land, none of the other migrations could have happened.
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins, the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.
There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoise. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived in land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.
(Adapted from Cambridge English IELTS 9)
Which of the following best serves as the main idea for the passage?
A. The evidences of the time marine animals moved to land.
B. The relationship between terrestrial species and marine creatures.
C. The reasons why species had to change their living place.
D. The evolution of marine species in changing places to live.
Ý nào sau đây đóng vai trò là ý chính cho đoạn văn?
A. Các bằng chứng về thời gian các động vật biển di chuyển lên đất liền.
B. Mối quan hệ giữa các loài sinh vật trên cạn và sinh vật biển.
C. Nguyên nhân khiến các loài phải thay đổi nơi sống.
D. Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
=> Căn cứ vào thông tin ngay trong đoạn đầu:
+ "If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids."
(Nếu bạn quay trở lại đủ xa, mọi thứ đã sống trong biển cả. Tại nhiều thời điểm khác nhau trong lịch sử tiến hóa, những cá thể dám nghĩ dám làm trong nhiều nhóm động vật khác nhau đã di chuyển lên đất liền, thậm chí đôi khi đến những sa mạc khô cằn nhất, lấy nước biển riêng của họ trong máu và dịch tế bào.)
+ "Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction."
(Di chuyển từ nước lên đất liên quan đến việc thiết kế lại phần lớn mọi khía cạnh của cuộc sống, bao gồm cả việc thở và sinh sản.)
=> Do đó, tiêu đề phù hợp nhất là: Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
A. Các bằng chứng về thời gian các động vật biển di chuyển lên đất liền.
B. Mối quan hệ giữa các loài sinh vật trên cạn và sinh vật biển.
C. Nguyên nhân khiến các loài phải thay đổi nơi sống.
D. Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
=> Căn cứ vào thông tin ngay trong đoạn đầu:
+ "If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids."
(Nếu bạn quay trở lại đủ xa, mọi thứ đã sống trong biển cả. Tại nhiều thời điểm khác nhau trong lịch sử tiến hóa, những cá thể dám nghĩ dám làm trong nhiều nhóm động vật khác nhau đã di chuyển lên đất liền, thậm chí đôi khi đến những sa mạc khô cằn nhất, lấy nước biển riêng của họ trong máu và dịch tế bào.)
+ "Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction."
(Di chuyển từ nước lên đất liên quan đến việc thiết kế lại phần lớn mọi khía cạnh của cuộc sống, bao gồm cả việc thở và sinh sản.)
=> Do đó, tiêu đề phù hợp nhất là: Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
Đáp án D.