Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the global water crisis, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. Humans are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be replenished. In this difficult situation, a water conservatiionist, Neil MacLeod in South Africa, has found innovative ways to improve his local water situation.
Neil MacLeod took over as head of Durban Metro Water Services in 1992. The situation he found was a catastrophe. Durban had one million people living in the city and another 1.5 million people who lived in poverty just outside it. The entire city was rife with broken water pipes, leaky toilets, and faulty plumbing whereby 42 percent of the region's water was simply being wasted.
MacLeod's crews began repairing and replacing water pipes. They put water meters on residences, replaced eight-litter toilets with four-litter models, and changed wasteful showers and water taps. To ensure that the poor would receive a basic supply of water, MacLeod installed tanks in homes and apartments to provide 190 liters of water a day free to each household. Water consumption in Durban is now less than it was in 1996, even as 800,000 more people have received service. Through sensible water use, Durban's conservation measures paid for themselves within a year. No new reservoirs will be needed in the coming decades, despite the expected addition of about 300,000 inhabitants.
MacLeod has also turned to water recycling. At the water recycling plant, wastewater is turned into clean water in just 12 hours. Most people are unable to discern a difference between the usual city drinking water and the treated wastewater, although it is actually intended for industrial purposes.
Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination of seawater, will solve the world's water problems. ''But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made,'' says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project. The dedication and resourcefulness of people like Neil MacLeod offer inspiration for implementing timely and lasting solutions to the world's water concern.
A. South Africa to Succesfully Desalinate Seawater
B. Drinkable Seawater – A Dream Turning Sour?
C. The United Nations to Address Local Water Situations
D. Tackling Water Problems: A Story from South Africa
The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the global water crisis, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. Humans are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be replenished. In this difficult situation, a water conservatiionist, Neil MacLeod in South Africa, has found innovative ways to improve his local water situation.
Neil MacLeod took over as head of Durban Metro Water Services in 1992. The situation he found was a catastrophe. Durban had one million people living in the city and another 1.5 million people who lived in poverty just outside it. The entire city was rife with broken water pipes, leaky toilets, and faulty plumbing whereby 42 percent of the region's water was simply being wasted.
MacLeod's crews began repairing and replacing water pipes. They put water meters on residences, replaced eight-litter toilets with four-litter models, and changed wasteful showers and water taps. To ensure that the poor would receive a basic supply of water, MacLeod installed tanks in homes and apartments to provide 190 liters of water a day free to each household. Water consumption in Durban is now less than it was in 1996, even as 800,000 more people have received service. Through sensible water use, Durban's conservation measures paid for themselves within a year. No new reservoirs will be needed in the coming decades, despite the expected addition of about 300,000 inhabitants.
MacLeod has also turned to water recycling. At the water recycling plant, wastewater is turned into clean water in just 12 hours. Most people are unable to discern a difference between the usual city drinking water and the treated wastewater, although it is actually intended for industrial purposes.
Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination of seawater, will solve the world's water problems. ''But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made,'' says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project. The dedication and resourcefulness of people like Neil MacLeod offer inspiration for implementing timely and lasting solutions to the world's water concern.
(Trích mã đề 412- Đề thi THPTQG 2019)
Which best serves as the title for the passage?A. South Africa to Succesfully Desalinate Seawater
B. Drinkable Seawater – A Dream Turning Sour?
C. The United Nations to Address Local Water Situations
D. Tackling Water Problems: A Story from South Africa
Cái nào được xem là tiêu đề tốt nhất cho đoạn văn?
A. Nam Phi khử mặn nước biển thành công
B. Nước biển có thể uống được - Một giấc mơ đã bị dập tắt?
C. Liên hợp quốc giải quyết các tình hình nước địa phương
D. Giải quyết vấn đề về nước: Câu chuyện từ Nam Phi
=> Đọc lướt để xác định tiêu đề từng đoạn, ta thấy như sau:
- Đoạn 1: Đặt ra vấn đề là tình trạng thiếu nước trên thế giới và nhà bảo tồn nguồn nước Neil MacLeod đã tìm ra một số giải pháp để cải thiện nguồn nước ở Nam Phi.
- Đoạn 2, 3 và 4: Neil MacLeod tìm ra được nguyên nhân và các biện pháp cũng như các bước thực hiện cụ thể trong việc khắc phục tình hình nước ở đây.
- Đoạn 5: Giá trị thực tế của biện pháp mà ông MacLeod đã mang lại so với những kỳ vọng xa vời của con người.
=> Do đó, ta thấy đáp án D là phù hợp hơn cả vì nó có thể bao trọn các vấn đề được nói đến trong bài. Các đáp án còn lại chỉ là một tình tiết nhỏ trong số tổng thể bài.
A. Nam Phi khử mặn nước biển thành công
B. Nước biển có thể uống được - Một giấc mơ đã bị dập tắt?
C. Liên hợp quốc giải quyết các tình hình nước địa phương
D. Giải quyết vấn đề về nước: Câu chuyện từ Nam Phi
=> Đọc lướt để xác định tiêu đề từng đoạn, ta thấy như sau:
- Đoạn 1: Đặt ra vấn đề là tình trạng thiếu nước trên thế giới và nhà bảo tồn nguồn nước Neil MacLeod đã tìm ra một số giải pháp để cải thiện nguồn nước ở Nam Phi.
- Đoạn 2, 3 và 4: Neil MacLeod tìm ra được nguyên nhân và các biện pháp cũng như các bước thực hiện cụ thể trong việc khắc phục tình hình nước ở đây.
- Đoạn 5: Giá trị thực tế của biện pháp mà ông MacLeod đã mang lại so với những kỳ vọng xa vời của con người.
=> Do đó, ta thấy đáp án D là phù hợp hơn cả vì nó có thể bao trọn các vấn đề được nói đến trong bài. Các đáp án còn lại chỉ là một tình tiết nhỏ trong số tổng thể bài.
Đáp án D.