Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody
of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and non sense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.
What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?
A. Babies begin to understand words in songs.
B. Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.
C. Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.
D. Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody
of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and non sense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.
What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?
A. Babies begin to understand words in songs.
B. Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.
C. Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.
D. Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
Đáp án D: Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
Kĩ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc
Giải thích chi tiết:
Tác giả đã chỉ ra điều gì để minh họa rằng các em bé được sinh ra với khả năng tiếp thu ngôn ngữ?
A. Các em bé bắt đầu hiểu các từ trong bài hát.
B. Các em bé phóng đại âm thanh và biểu cảm của mình.
C. Các em bé nhạy cảm với âm thanh hơn người lớn.
D. Các em bé để ý sự khác biệt rất nhỏ giữa các âm thanh.
Dựa vào Đoạn 3:
"... observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language."
(... quan sát thấy rằng các bé nhỏ xíu đã có thể phân biệt các âm lời nói một cách khá tinh tế. Hay nói các khác, các bé bước vào thế giới này với khả năng thể hiện được các phân biệt về mặt nhận thức cần thiết để tiếp thu được ngôn ngữ nghe)
Các cụm từ tương đương:
• enter the world with the ability ... = are born with the ability ... (được sinh ra với khả năng ...)
• fine distinctions between speech sounds = minor differences between speech sounds (sự khác biệt tinh tế/ nhỏ giữa các âm lời nói).
Do vậy, phương án D là phù hợp nhất.
Kĩ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc
Giải thích chi tiết:
Tác giả đã chỉ ra điều gì để minh họa rằng các em bé được sinh ra với khả năng tiếp thu ngôn ngữ?
A. Các em bé bắt đầu hiểu các từ trong bài hát.
B. Các em bé phóng đại âm thanh và biểu cảm của mình.
C. Các em bé nhạy cảm với âm thanh hơn người lớn.
D. Các em bé để ý sự khác biệt rất nhỏ giữa các âm thanh.
Dựa vào Đoạn 3:
"... observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language."
(... quan sát thấy rằng các bé nhỏ xíu đã có thể phân biệt các âm lời nói một cách khá tinh tế. Hay nói các khác, các bé bước vào thế giới này với khả năng thể hiện được các phân biệt về mặt nhận thức cần thiết để tiếp thu được ngôn ngữ nghe)
Các cụm từ tương đương:
• enter the world with the ability ... = are born with the ability ... (được sinh ra với khả năng ...)
• fine distinctions between speech sounds = minor differences between speech sounds (sự khác biệt tinh tế/ nhỏ giữa các âm lời nói).
Do vậy, phương án D là phù hợp nhất.
Đáp án D.