Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while songs lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and come to the primary sensory apparatus of Vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell.
Brains can be extremely complex. The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains roughly 15 - 33 billion neurons, perhaps more, depending on gender and age, linked with up to 10,000 synaptic connections each. Each cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly one billion synapses. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body and target them to specific recipient cells.
The brain controls the other organ systems of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness are possible without a brain: even single-celled organisms may be capable of extracting information from the environment and acting in response to it. Sponges, which lack a central nervous system, are capable of coordinated body contractions and even locomotion in vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself contains neural circuitry capable of generating reflex responses as well as simple motor patterns such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behavior on the basis of complex sensory input requires the information- integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.
Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work remains a mystery. The operations of individual neurons and synapses are now understood in considerable detail, but the way they cooperate in ensembles of thousands or millions has been very difficult to decipher. Methods of observation such as EEG recording and functional brain imaging tell us that brain operations are highly organized, while single unit recording can resolve the activity of single neurons, but how individual cells give rise to complex operations is unknown.
What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The brain-human's most complex part of the body.
B. The main functions of human brain.
C. An overview of the most complex part of the human body - the brain.
D. The complex operation of human brain.
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while songs lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and come to the primary sensory apparatus of Vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell.
Brains can be extremely complex. The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains roughly 15 - 33 billion neurons, perhaps more, depending on gender and age, linked with up to 10,000 synaptic connections each. Each cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly one billion synapses. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body and target them to specific recipient cells.
The brain controls the other organ systems of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness are possible without a brain: even single-celled organisms may be capable of extracting information from the environment and acting in response to it. Sponges, which lack a central nervous system, are capable of coordinated body contractions and even locomotion in vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself contains neural circuitry capable of generating reflex responses as well as simple motor patterns such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behavior on the basis of complex sensory input requires the information- integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.
Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work remains a mystery. The operations of individual neurons and synapses are now understood in considerable detail, but the way they cooperate in ensembles of thousands or millions has been very difficult to decipher. Methods of observation such as EEG recording and functional brain imaging tell us that brain operations are highly organized, while single unit recording can resolve the activity of single neurons, but how individual cells give rise to complex operations is unknown.
What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The brain-human's most complex part of the body.
B. The main functions of human brain.
C. An overview of the most complex part of the human body - the brain.
D. The complex operation of human brain.
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích: Chủ đề chính của đoạn văn là gì?
A. Bộ phận phức tạp nhất của bộ não-con người trên cơ thể.
B. Các chức năng chính của bộ não con người.
C. Tổng quan về phần phức tạp nhất của cơ thể con người - bộ não.
D. Hoạt động phức tạp của não người.
Thông tin: Brains can be extremely complex. The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains roughly 15 - 33 billion neurons, perhaps more, depending on gender and age, linked with up to 10,000 synaptic connections each ... Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work remains a mystery.
Tạm dịch: Não có thể cực kỳ phức tạp. Vỏ não của bộ não con người chứa khoảng 15 - 33 tỷ tế bào thần kinh, có lẽ nhiều hơn, tùy thuộc vào giới tính và tuổi tác, liên kết với tối đa 10.000 khớp nối thần kinh synapse... Mặc dù tiến bộ khoa học nhanh chóng, có nhiều lý thuyết cách thức hoạt động của bộ não vẫn còn là một bí ẩn.
Giải thích: Chủ đề chính của đoạn văn là gì?
A. Bộ phận phức tạp nhất của bộ não-con người trên cơ thể.
B. Các chức năng chính của bộ não con người.
C. Tổng quan về phần phức tạp nhất của cơ thể con người - bộ não.
D. Hoạt động phức tạp của não người.
Thông tin: Brains can be extremely complex. The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains roughly 15 - 33 billion neurons, perhaps more, depending on gender and age, linked with up to 10,000 synaptic connections each ... Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work remains a mystery.
Tạm dịch: Não có thể cực kỳ phức tạp. Vỏ não của bộ não con người chứa khoảng 15 - 33 tỷ tế bào thần kinh, có lẽ nhiều hơn, tùy thuộc vào giới tính và tuổi tác, liên kết với tối đa 10.000 khớp nối thần kinh synapse... Mặc dù tiến bộ khoa học nhanh chóng, có nhiều lý thuyết cách thức hoạt động của bộ não vẫn còn là một bí ẩn.
Đáp án C.