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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42
Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather - torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes - begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, stuck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short - lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather -balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation - intensive approach needed for accurate, very short - range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
A. Computers and weather
B. Dangerous storms
C. Weather forecasting
D. Satellites
Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather - torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes - begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, stuck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short - lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather -balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation - intensive approach needed for accurate, very short - range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
(Adapted from Reading TOEFL 2)
What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Computers and weather
B. Dangerous storms
C. Weather forecasting
D. Satellites
Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận là gì?
A. Máy tính và thời tiết
B. Bão nguy hiểm
C. Dự báo thời tiết
D. Vệ tinh
Để biết được nội dung chính của bài đọc, ta sẽ liên kết nội dung chính của từng đoạn văn, thông thường là câu đầu tiên hoặc câu cuối cùng.
+ Đoạn 1: Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather - torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes - begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched.
(Nhiều loại thời tiết nguy hiểm và đe dọa đến tính mạng nhất - mưa xối xả, giông bão và lốc xoáy - bắt đầu nhanh chóng, tấn công bất ngờ và tiêu tan nhanh chóng, tàn phá các khu vực nhỏ trong khi khiến các khu vực lân cận không bị ảnh hưởng.)
With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
(Với dữ liệu hạn chế như vậy, các mô hình dự báo thông thường thực hiện công việc dự đoán điều kiện thời tiết chung trên các khu vực lớn tốt hơn nhiều so với dự báo các sự kiện địa phương cụ thể.)
+ Đoạn 2: Until recently, the observation - intensive approach needed for accurate, very short - range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not feasible.
(Cho đến gần đây, cách tiếp cận chuyên sâu cần thiết cho các dự báo chính xác, rất ngắn hoặc "Nowcast" là không khả thi.)
As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
(Khi các nhà khí tượng học đã bắt đầu sử dụng các công nghệ mới này trong các văn phòng dự báo thời tiết, Nowcasting đang trở thành hiện thực.)
Như vậy, bài đọc đang nói về "Weather forecasting"
A. Máy tính và thời tiết
B. Bão nguy hiểm
C. Dự báo thời tiết
D. Vệ tinh
Để biết được nội dung chính của bài đọc, ta sẽ liên kết nội dung chính của từng đoạn văn, thông thường là câu đầu tiên hoặc câu cuối cùng.
+ Đoạn 1: Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather - torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes - begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched.
(Nhiều loại thời tiết nguy hiểm và đe dọa đến tính mạng nhất - mưa xối xả, giông bão và lốc xoáy - bắt đầu nhanh chóng, tấn công bất ngờ và tiêu tan nhanh chóng, tàn phá các khu vực nhỏ trong khi khiến các khu vực lân cận không bị ảnh hưởng.)
With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
(Với dữ liệu hạn chế như vậy, các mô hình dự báo thông thường thực hiện công việc dự đoán điều kiện thời tiết chung trên các khu vực lớn tốt hơn nhiều so với dự báo các sự kiện địa phương cụ thể.)
+ Đoạn 2: Until recently, the observation - intensive approach needed for accurate, very short - range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was not feasible.
(Cho đến gần đây, cách tiếp cận chuyên sâu cần thiết cho các dự báo chính xác, rất ngắn hoặc "Nowcast" là không khả thi.)
As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
(Khi các nhà khí tượng học đã bắt đầu sử dụng các công nghệ mới này trong các văn phòng dự báo thời tiết, Nowcasting đang trở thành hiện thực.)
Như vậy, bài đọc đang nói về "Weather forecasting"
Đáp án C.