Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A B C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) every two months.
Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a donor's arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.
When the blood is given t a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipient's arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease- causing bacteria.
Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration. of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.
Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as RIV (which causes AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a new born or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed. Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.
A. Clotting can not be prevented.
B. Storing blood benefits mankind.
C. Transfusing blood is a dangerous process.
D. Freezing blood destroys platelets.
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) every two months.
Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a donor's arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.
When the blood is given t a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipient's arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease- causing bacteria.
Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration. of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.
Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as RIV (which causes AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a new born or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed. Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.
(Adapted from Peterson's Master TOEFL, Reading skill)
What does the author imply in the passage?A. Clotting can not be prevented.
B. Storing blood benefits mankind.
C. Transfusing blood is a dangerous process.
D. Freezing blood destroys platelets.
Giải thích:
Tác giả ám chỉ điều gì trong đoạn văn?
A. Việc đông máu không thể được ngăn chặn.
B. Việc lưu trữ máu có lợi cho con người.
C. Việc truyền máu là một quá trình nguy hiểm.
D. Việc đông máu làm phá hủy tiểu cầu.
Thông tin:
+ The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting. (Máu chảy qua một ống nhựa đến túi đựng hoặc bình chứa natri citrat, giúp ngăn chặn sự đông máu.)
→ A sai
+ Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. (Việc truyền máu từ người cho sang người nhận là một việc đơn giản.)
→ C sai
+ Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. (Việc lưu trữ máu đôi khi đòi hỏi một quá trình đông lạnh. Để làm đông các tế bào hồng cầu, người ta thêm dung dịch glyxerol vào đó.)
→ D sai
+ The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health. (Khả năng lưu trữ máu trong thời gian dài có lợi cho sức khỏe con người.)
→ B đúng.
Tác giả ám chỉ điều gì trong đoạn văn?
A. Việc đông máu không thể được ngăn chặn.
B. Việc lưu trữ máu có lợi cho con người.
C. Việc truyền máu là một quá trình nguy hiểm.
D. Việc đông máu làm phá hủy tiểu cầu.
Thông tin:
+ The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting. (Máu chảy qua một ống nhựa đến túi đựng hoặc bình chứa natri citrat, giúp ngăn chặn sự đông máu.)
→ A sai
+ Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. (Việc truyền máu từ người cho sang người nhận là một việc đơn giản.)
→ C sai
+ Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. (Việc lưu trữ máu đôi khi đòi hỏi một quá trình đông lạnh. Để làm đông các tế bào hồng cầu, người ta thêm dung dịch glyxerol vào đó.)
→ D sai
+ The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health. (Khả năng lưu trữ máu trong thời gian dài có lợi cho sức khỏe con người.)
→ B đúng.
Đáp án B.