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Câu hỏi: Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.
C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Poverty may be a foregone conclusion of unplanned urbanization.
B. Diseases are caused by people migrating to cities.
C. Urbanization can solve the problem of environmental pollution in cities.
D. The increasing number of people in cities can create more employment.
Giải thích:
Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn?
A. Đói nghèo có thể là một hậu quả tất yếu của đô thị hóa không có kế hoạch.
B. Dịch bệnh bị gây ra bởi việc người di dân đến thành phố.
C. Đô thị hóa có thể giải quyết vấn đề ô nhiễm môi trường ở thành phố.
D. Số lượng người ngày càng tăng ở thành phố có thể tạo thêm nhiều cơ hội việc làm.
Thông tin:
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
(Nhưng gia tăng mật độ dân số nhanh chóng có thể tạo ra những vấn đề nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt nếu những nỗ lực kế hoạch hóa không đủ để đối phó với làn sóng dân cư mới. Kết quả trong vài trường hợp có thể là nghèo đói trên diện trộng. Ước tính cho rằng 40% sự mở rộng đô thị diễn ra trong các khu ổ chuột, làm trầm trọng thêm sự chênh lệch kinh tế-xã hội và tạo ra những điều kiện mất vệ sinh mà khiến cho dịch bệnh lây lan dễ dàng.)
Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn?
A. Đói nghèo có thể là một hậu quả tất yếu của đô thị hóa không có kế hoạch.
B. Dịch bệnh bị gây ra bởi việc người di dân đến thành phố.
C. Đô thị hóa có thể giải quyết vấn đề ô nhiễm môi trường ở thành phố.
D. Số lượng người ngày càng tăng ở thành phố có thể tạo thêm nhiều cơ hội việc làm.
Thông tin:
+ But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
(Nhưng gia tăng mật độ dân số nhanh chóng có thể tạo ra những vấn đề nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt nếu những nỗ lực kế hoạch hóa không đủ để đối phó với làn sóng dân cư mới. Kết quả trong vài trường hợp có thể là nghèo đói trên diện trộng. Ước tính cho rằng 40% sự mở rộng đô thị diễn ra trong các khu ổ chuột, làm trầm trọng thêm sự chênh lệch kinh tế-xã hội và tạo ra những điều kiện mất vệ sinh mà khiến cho dịch bệnh lây lan dễ dàng.)
Đáp án A.