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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 45.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. This article will discuss and present data on the implications of urbanization on the physical health of humans living in these large urban areas.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations' health is people's change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
A. People in developed countries suffer less harmful health effects from urbanization than those in developing nations.
B. The bad health effects from urbanization are not greater than the benefits it brings to people in urban cities.
C. One of the negative health effects comes from the overpopulation in industrialized countries.
D. Living in urban areas for a long time will not make the life expectancy of inhabitants shorten.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. This article will discuss and present data on the implications of urbanization on the physical health of humans living in these large urban areas.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations' health is people's change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
(Adapted from https://medium.com)
What can be inferred from the passage?A. People in developed countries suffer less harmful health effects from urbanization than those in developing nations.
B. The bad health effects from urbanization are not greater than the benefits it brings to people in urban cities.
C. One of the negative health effects comes from the overpopulation in industrialized countries.
D. Living in urban areas for a long time will not make the life expectancy of inhabitants shorten.
Giải thích:
Điều nào có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn?
A. Những người ở các nước đã phát triển chịu ít ảnh hưởng có hại cho sức khỏe từ việc đô thị hóa hơn những người ở các quốc gia đang phát triển.
B. Những ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe từ quá trình đô thị hóa không lớn bằng lợi ích nó mang đến cho những người ở các thành phố đô thị.
C. Một trong những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực tới sức khỏe đến từ việc quá tải dân số ở các quốc gia công nghiệp hóa.
D. Việc sống ở các khu vực đô thị trong một thời gian dài sẽ không khiến tuổi thọ của dân cư giảm đi.
Thông tin:
+ They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. (Chúng thể hiện mức độ phát triển dân số con người trên phương diện phát triển cộng đồng. Nhiều điều tích cực đến từ việc đô thị hóa, nhưng cũng có những việc tiêu cực.)
→ B sai
+ C: không đề cập → C sai
+ When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span. (Khi tiếp xúc với các tình trạng này trong thời gian dài, một người có thể chịu những ảnh hưởng sức khỏe thậm chí còn nguy hại hơn như: tăng tốc độ lão hóa, giảm dung tích và sức khỏe phổi, dễ mắc các bệnh hô hấp, và giảm tuổi thọ.)
→ D sai
+ As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. (Như dự đoán, các quốc gia đang phát triển có xu hướng chịu nhiều ảnh hưởng tiêu cực về sức khỏe thể chất hơn các nước hiện đại về mặt đô thị hóa.)
→ A đúng
Điều nào có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn?
A. Những người ở các nước đã phát triển chịu ít ảnh hưởng có hại cho sức khỏe từ việc đô thị hóa hơn những người ở các quốc gia đang phát triển.
B. Những ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe từ quá trình đô thị hóa không lớn bằng lợi ích nó mang đến cho những người ở các thành phố đô thị.
C. Một trong những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực tới sức khỏe đến từ việc quá tải dân số ở các quốc gia công nghiệp hóa.
D. Việc sống ở các khu vực đô thị trong một thời gian dài sẽ không khiến tuổi thọ của dân cư giảm đi.
Thông tin:
+ They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. (Chúng thể hiện mức độ phát triển dân số con người trên phương diện phát triển cộng đồng. Nhiều điều tích cực đến từ việc đô thị hóa, nhưng cũng có những việc tiêu cực.)
→ B sai
+ C: không đề cập → C sai
+ When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span. (Khi tiếp xúc với các tình trạng này trong thời gian dài, một người có thể chịu những ảnh hưởng sức khỏe thậm chí còn nguy hại hơn như: tăng tốc độ lão hóa, giảm dung tích và sức khỏe phổi, dễ mắc các bệnh hô hấp, và giảm tuổi thọ.)
→ D sai
+ As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. (Như dự đoán, các quốc gia đang phát triển có xu hướng chịu nhiều ảnh hưởng tiêu cực về sức khỏe thể chất hơn các nước hiện đại về mặt đô thị hóa.)
→ A đúng
Đáp án A.