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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay By Cy or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Whether they're cheering in the stadium, yelling at the referee from the sofa, or singing thier team's victory song, sports fans exist all over the world. The long-term attchment to a particular sport or team appears to develop around the age of eight or nine, and the sport or team a person decides to follow is largely influenced by their social circle rather than their personal participation in a sport. Research into the psychology of sports fans has revealed some common principles that apply to the behaviour of most fans.
Have you ever heard a sports fan boasting, 'We thrashed the other team today!' or 'We are top of the league at the moment'? Clearly the fan was not personally involved in achieving either success, yet they use the pronoun 'we' to report their team's performance. Fans' use of 'us' and 'we' to talk about their favourite team is common behaviour. It demonstrates the strong sense of identity fans feel great and enjoy experiencing the victory as if they had played a part in the success themselves.
The opposite of this often happens after a team suffers a defeat. Fans in this case may refer to the team as 'they' in order to distance themselves from their team's disappointing match result. A dissatisfied fan is more likely to say 'they played really badly' as they want no responsibility for the depressing final score. Furthermore, they will be unlikely to wear any clothing that pinpoints them as a supporter after losing to a rival team. However, research shows that this is not the case with fiercely loyal or 'true' fans. They will carry on wearing their team scarf even when their team performs badly and will say with genuine sadness, 'they beat US three nil'.
Finally, and perhaps most interestingly, is the way in which sports fans swear by their superstitions or lucky charms. Wearing a certain item of clothing or carrying a lucky object is common practice of many. People who may not be superstitious in other aspect of their life will claim that wearing a certain item of lucky clothing will make their team play better. Equally, an action performed while the team lost will be considered bad luck and will be avoided in future for fear of jinxing the team. Of course in reality it makes no difference what kind of hat you wear or whether you have your lucky coin, but superstitions are taken very seriously by sports fans and I for one would not like to try and persuade them otherwise.
Adapted from Gold experience by Kathryn Alevizos, Suzane Gaynar & Megan Rodeck
What can be inferred about the writer's attitude towards fans' superstitions and rituals?
A. He recognises the benefits of fans having their personal superstitions and rituals.
B. He is doubtful of their positive effect but would be reluctant to share his opinion with a fan.
C. He makes fun of the way some people let superstitions influence their decisions in life
D. He criticises the belief of many fans that their actions can affect the performance of their team.
Whether they're cheering in the stadium, yelling at the referee from the sofa, or singing thier team's victory song, sports fans exist all over the world. The long-term attchment to a particular sport or team appears to develop around the age of eight or nine, and the sport or team a person decides to follow is largely influenced by their social circle rather than their personal participation in a sport. Research into the psychology of sports fans has revealed some common principles that apply to the behaviour of most fans.
Have you ever heard a sports fan boasting, 'We thrashed the other team today!' or 'We are top of the league at the moment'? Clearly the fan was not personally involved in achieving either success, yet they use the pronoun 'we' to report their team's performance. Fans' use of 'us' and 'we' to talk about their favourite team is common behaviour. It demonstrates the strong sense of identity fans feel great and enjoy experiencing the victory as if they had played a part in the success themselves.
The opposite of this often happens after a team suffers a defeat. Fans in this case may refer to the team as 'they' in order to distance themselves from their team's disappointing match result. A dissatisfied fan is more likely to say 'they played really badly' as they want no responsibility for the depressing final score. Furthermore, they will be unlikely to wear any clothing that pinpoints them as a supporter after losing to a rival team. However, research shows that this is not the case with fiercely loyal or 'true' fans. They will carry on wearing their team scarf even when their team performs badly and will say with genuine sadness, 'they beat US three nil'.
Finally, and perhaps most interestingly, is the way in which sports fans swear by their superstitions or lucky charms. Wearing a certain item of clothing or carrying a lucky object is common practice of many. People who may not be superstitious in other aspect of their life will claim that wearing a certain item of lucky clothing will make their team play better. Equally, an action performed while the team lost will be considered bad luck and will be avoided in future for fear of jinxing the team. Of course in reality it makes no difference what kind of hat you wear or whether you have your lucky coin, but superstitions are taken very seriously by sports fans and I for one would not like to try and persuade them otherwise.
Adapted from Gold experience by Kathryn Alevizos, Suzane Gaynar & Megan Rodeck
What can be inferred about the writer's attitude towards fans' superstitions and rituals?
A. He recognises the benefits of fans having their personal superstitions and rituals.
B. He is doubtful of their positive effect but would be reluctant to share his opinion with a fan.
C. He makes fun of the way some people let superstitions influence their decisions in life
D. He criticises the belief of many fans that their actions can affect the performance of their team.
Giải thích:
Điều nào có thể suy ra về thái độ của tác giả đối với sự mê tín và nghi lễ của những người hâm mộ?
A. Anh ấy nhận ra lợi ích của những người hâm mộ mê tín dị đoan và nghi lễ cá nhân.
B. Anh ấy nghi ngờ về ảnh hưởng tích cực nhưng sẽ miễn cưỡng có chung quan điểm với người hâm mộ.
C. Anh ấy giễu cợt cách một số người để sự mê tín ảnh hưởng đến những quyết định trong đời.
D. Anh ấy chỉ trích niềm tin của nhiều người hâm mộ rằng hành động của họ có thể ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của đội họ.
Thông tin: Equally, an action performed while the team lost will be considered bad luck and will be avoided in future for fear of jinxing the team. Of course in reality it makes no difference what kind of hat you wear or whether you have your lucky coin, but superstitions are taken very seriously by sports fans and I for one would not like to try and persuade them otherwise.
(Cũng như thế, một việc làm trong lúc đội thua sẽ được xem là điều rủi và sẽ được tránh trong tương lai vì sợ mang đến xui xẻo cho đội. Dĩ nhiên trong thực tế thì việc bạn đội cái mũ nào hoặc mang theo đồng xu may mắn cũng chẳng khác nhau, nhưng những người hâm mộ thể thao rất xem trọng mê tín và tôi là người không muốn thử thuyết phục họ bằng cách khác.)
Điều nào có thể suy ra về thái độ của tác giả đối với sự mê tín và nghi lễ của những người hâm mộ?
A. Anh ấy nhận ra lợi ích của những người hâm mộ mê tín dị đoan và nghi lễ cá nhân.
B. Anh ấy nghi ngờ về ảnh hưởng tích cực nhưng sẽ miễn cưỡng có chung quan điểm với người hâm mộ.
C. Anh ấy giễu cợt cách một số người để sự mê tín ảnh hưởng đến những quyết định trong đời.
D. Anh ấy chỉ trích niềm tin của nhiều người hâm mộ rằng hành động của họ có thể ảnh hưởng đến kết quả của đội họ.
Thông tin: Equally, an action performed while the team lost will be considered bad luck and will be avoided in future for fear of jinxing the team. Of course in reality it makes no difference what kind of hat you wear or whether you have your lucky coin, but superstitions are taken very seriously by sports fans and I for one would not like to try and persuade them otherwise.
(Cũng như thế, một việc làm trong lúc đội thua sẽ được xem là điều rủi và sẽ được tránh trong tương lai vì sợ mang đến xui xẻo cho đội. Dĩ nhiên trong thực tế thì việc bạn đội cái mũ nào hoặc mang theo đồng xu may mắn cũng chẳng khác nhau, nhưng những người hâm mộ thể thao rất xem trọng mê tín và tôi là người không muốn thử thuyết phục họ bằng cách khác.)
Đáp án B.