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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 18 to 24.
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
The word "status" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.
A. job
B. qualification
C. marriage
D. position
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
The word "status" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________.
A. job
B. qualification
C. marriage
D. position
Dịch toàn bài:
Giải thích:
Từ "status" trong đoạn 4 đồng nghĩa với từ _______.
A. job (n): công việc
B. qualification (n): trình độ chuyên môn
C. marriage (n): hôn nhân
D. position (n): vị trí
status (n): địa vị = position
| Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993). For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it. Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves. Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study. Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking. | Đôi khi làm việc, học tập hoặc cảm giác phiêu lưu đưa chúng ta thoát khỏi môi trường xung quanh quen thuộc để đi đến và sống trong một nền văn hóa khác. Trải nghiệm đó có thể khó khăn, thậm chí gây sốc. Hầu hết những ai học tập, sinh sống hoặc làm việc ở nước ngoài đều gặp những vấn đề với việc thích nghi với một nền văn hóa mới. Phản ứng này thường được gọi là "sốc văn hóa". Cú sốc văn hóa có thể được định nghĩa như là "sự khó chịu về thể chất và cảm xúc mà một người trải qua khi bước vào một nền văn hóa khác với nền văn hóa của mình" (Weaver, 1993). Đối với những người chuyển đến Úc, Price (2001) đã xác định được những giá trị nhất định có thể làm phát sinh sự sốc văn hóa. Đầu tiên, ông cho rằng người Úc đề cao sự tự lập và quyết định cá nhân. Điều này có nghĩa là một giáo viên hoặc một gia sư sẽ không bảo học sinh làm gì, nhưng sẽ đưa cho chúng một vài lựa chọn và đề nghị chúng tìm xem cái nào là tốt nhất trong hoàn cảnh của mình. Nó cũng có nghĩa là họ nên hành động nếu có chuyện gì đó sai sót và tìm kiếm các nguồn lực và sự hỗ trợ cho bản thân. Người Úc cũng sẵn sàng chấp nhận nhiều ý kiến hơn là chỉ tin rằng có một sự thật. Điều này nghĩa là trong bối cảnh giáo dục, các học sinh sẽ nên tự hình thành ý kiến riêng và biện giải lý do cho quan điểm đó và bằng chứng cho nó. Người Úc không thoải mái với những khác biệt trong địa vị và do đó lý tưởng hóa quan điểm đối xử bình đẳng với mọi người. Một minh chứng cho điều này chính là đa số người Úc trưởng thành gọi nhau bằng tên. Mối quan tâm về sự bình đẳng này đồng nghĩa với việc người Úc không thích quá nghiêm túc và thậm chí sẵn sàng đùa cợt về bản thân. Người Úc tin rằng cuộc sống nên có sự cân bằng giữa công việc và thời gian nhàn rỗi. Do đó, một số học sinh có thể chỉ trích những người không làm gì khác ngoài học hành. Quan niệm về quyền riêng tư của người Úc đồng nghĩa với việc những lĩnh vực như vấn đề tài chính, ngoại hình và các mối quan hệ chỉ nên được thảo luận với bạn thân. Trong khi người ta có thể tự nguyện cung cấp những thông tin như thế, nhưng họ có thể bực bội người hỏi trừ khi tình bạn đó bền vững. Thậm chí là vậy, thì cũng rất bất lịch sự khi hỏi ai đó rằng họ kiếm được bao nhiêu tiền. Đối với những người lớn tuổi, việc hỏi họ bao nhiêu tuổi, vì sao họ chưa kết hôn hay tại sao họ lại không có con cái, cũng rất thô lỗ. Việc hỏi người ta họ đã trả bao nhiêu tiền cho thứ gì đó cũng rất bất lịch sự, trừ khi ta có lý do hợp lý để hỏi. |
Từ "status" trong đoạn 4 đồng nghĩa với từ _______.
A. job (n): công việc
B. qualification (n): trình độ chuyên môn
C. marriage (n): hôn nhân
D. position (n): vị trí
status (n): địa vị = position
Đáp án D.