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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Advocates of the laws and journalists who cover the issue often neglect to ask what will replace plastic bags and what the environmental impact of that replacement will be. People still need bags to bring home their groceries. And the most common substitute, paper bags, may be just as bad or worse, depending on the environmental problem you are most concerned about.
That is leading to a split in the anti-bag movement. Some bills, like in Massachusetts, try to reduce the use of paper bags as well as plastic, but still favour paper. Others, like in New York City, treat all single-use bags equally. Even then, the question remains as to whether single-use bags are necessarily always worse than reusable ones.
Studies of bags’ environmental impacts over their life cycle have reached widely varying conclusions. Some are funded by plastic industry groups, like the ironically named American Progressive Bag Alliance. Even studies conducted with the puret of intentions depend on any number of assumptions. How many plastic bags are replaced by one cotton tote bag? If a plastic bag is reused in the home as the garbage bag in a bathroom waste bin, does that reduce its footprint by eliminating the need for another small plastic garbage bag?
If your chief concern is climate change, things get even muddier. One of the most comprehensive research papers on the environmental impact of bags, published in 2007 by an Australian state government agency, found that paper bags have a higher carbon footprint than plastic. That is primarily because more energy is required to produce and transport paper bags.
“People look at paper and say it’s degradable, therefore it’s much better for the environment, but it’s not in terms of climate change impact,” says David Tyler, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oregon who has examined the research on the environmental impact of bag use. The reasons for paper’s higher carbon footprint are complex but can mostly be understood as stemming from the fact that paper bags are much thicker than plastic bags. “Very broadly, carbon footprints are proportional to mass of an object,” says Tyler. For example, because paper bags take up so much more space, more trucks are needed to ship paper bags to a store than to ship plastic bags.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/)
The word “muddier” in paragraph 4 most probably means _______.
A. uglier
B. luckier
C. rarer
D. vaguer
Advocates of the laws and journalists who cover the issue often neglect to ask what will replace plastic bags and what the environmental impact of that replacement will be. People still need bags to bring home their groceries. And the most common substitute, paper bags, may be just as bad or worse, depending on the environmental problem you are most concerned about.
That is leading to a split in the anti-bag movement. Some bills, like in Massachusetts, try to reduce the use of paper bags as well as plastic, but still favour paper. Others, like in New York City, treat all single-use bags equally. Even then, the question remains as to whether single-use bags are necessarily always worse than reusable ones.
Studies of bags’ environmental impacts over their life cycle have reached widely varying conclusions. Some are funded by plastic industry groups, like the ironically named American Progressive Bag Alliance. Even studies conducted with the puret of intentions depend on any number of assumptions. How many plastic bags are replaced by one cotton tote bag? If a plastic bag is reused in the home as the garbage bag in a bathroom waste bin, does that reduce its footprint by eliminating the need for another small plastic garbage bag?
If your chief concern is climate change, things get even muddier. One of the most comprehensive research papers on the environmental impact of bags, published in 2007 by an Australian state government agency, found that paper bags have a higher carbon footprint than plastic. That is primarily because more energy is required to produce and transport paper bags.
“People look at paper and say it’s degradable, therefore it’s much better for the environment, but it’s not in terms of climate change impact,” says David Tyler, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oregon who has examined the research on the environmental impact of bag use. The reasons for paper’s higher carbon footprint are complex but can mostly be understood as stemming from the fact that paper bags are much thicker than plastic bags. “Very broadly, carbon footprints are proportional to mass of an object,” says Tyler. For example, because paper bags take up so much more space, more trucks are needed to ship paper bags to a store than to ship plastic bags.
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/)
The word “muddier” in paragraph 4 most probably means _______.
A. uglier
B. luckier
C. rarer
D. vaguer
Kiến thức : Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Từ “muddier” trong đoạn 4 nhiều khả năng có nghĩa là ______.
A. xấu hơn
B. may mắn hơn
C. hiếm hơn
D. mơ hồ hơn
“muddier” có nghĩa là “mập mờ hơn”, gần nghĩa với phương án D.
Thông tin: If your chief concern is climate change, things get even muddier. One of the most comprehensive research papers on the environmental impact of bags, published in 2007 by an Australian state government agency, found that paper bags have a higher carbon footprint than plastic.
Tạm dịch: Nếu mối quan tâm chính của bạn là biến đổi khí hậu, mọi thứ thậm chí còn trở nên mơ hồ hơn. Một trong những tài liệu nghiên cứu toàn diện nhất về tác động môi trường của túi, được xuất bản vào năm 2007 bởi một cơ quan chính phủ bang của Úc, đã phát hiện ra rằng túi giấy có lượng khí thải carbon cao hơn túi nhựa.
Giải thích:
Từ “muddier” trong đoạn 4 nhiều khả năng có nghĩa là ______.
A. xấu hơn
B. may mắn hơn
C. hiếm hơn
D. mơ hồ hơn
“muddier” có nghĩa là “mập mờ hơn”, gần nghĩa với phương án D.
Thông tin: If your chief concern is climate change, things get even muddier. One of the most comprehensive research papers on the environmental impact of bags, published in 2007 by an Australian state government agency, found that paper bags have a higher carbon footprint than plastic.
Tạm dịch: Nếu mối quan tâm chính của bạn là biến đổi khí hậu, mọi thứ thậm chí còn trở nên mơ hồ hơn. Một trong những tài liệu nghiên cứu toàn diện nhất về tác động môi trường của túi, được xuất bản vào năm 2007 bởi một cơ quan chính phủ bang của Úc, đã phát hiện ra rằng túi giấy có lượng khí thải carbon cao hơn túi nhựa.
Đáp án D.