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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.
The earliest recorded festivities in honor of a new year's arrival date back some 4,000 years to ancient Babylon. For the Babylonians, the first new moon following the vernal equinox heralded the start of a new year. Throughout antiquity, civilizations around the world developed increasingly sophisticated calendars. In Egypt, for instance, the year began with the annual flooding of the Nile, which coincided with the rising of the star Sirius. The first day of the Chinese new year, meanwhile, occurred with the second new moon after the winter solstice.
The early Roman calendar consisted of 10 months and 304 days. Over the centuries, the calendar fell out of sync with the sun, and in 46 B.C. the emperor Julius Caesar decided to solve the problem by consulting with the most prominent astronomers and mathematicians of his time. He introduced the Julian calendar, which closely resembles the more modern one that most countries around the world use today.
In many countries, New Year's celebrations begin on the evening of December 31—New Year's Eve—and continue into the early hours of January 1. In Spain and several other Spanish-speaking countries, people bolt down a dozen grapes-symbolizing their hopes for the months ahead-right before midnight. In many parts of the world, traditional New Year's dishes feature legumes, which are thought to resemble coins and herald future financial success; examples include lentils in Italy and black-eyed peas in the southern United States. Because pigs represent progress and prosperity in some cultures, pork appears on the New Year's Eve table in Cuba, Austria, Hungary, Portugal and other countries. Ring-shaped cakes and pastries, a sign that the year has come full circle, round out the feast in the Netherlands, Mexico, Greece and elsewhere. In Sweden and Norway, meanwhile, rice pudding with an almond hidden inside is served on New Year's Eve; it is said that whoever finds the nut can expect 12 months of good fortune.
Other customs that are common worldwide include watching fireworks and singing songs to welcome the new year, including the ever-popular "Auld Lang Syne" in many English-speaking countries. The practice of making resolutions for the new year is thought to have first caught on among the ancient Babylonians, who made promises in order to earn the favor of the gods and start the year off on the right foot.
(Source: https://www.history.com/)
The word "favor" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. assistance
B. permission
C. partiality
D. goodwill
The earliest recorded festivities in honor of a new year's arrival date back some 4,000 years to ancient Babylon. For the Babylonians, the first new moon following the vernal equinox heralded the start of a new year. Throughout antiquity, civilizations around the world developed increasingly sophisticated calendars. In Egypt, for instance, the year began with the annual flooding of the Nile, which coincided with the rising of the star Sirius. The first day of the Chinese new year, meanwhile, occurred with the second new moon after the winter solstice.
The early Roman calendar consisted of 10 months and 304 days. Over the centuries, the calendar fell out of sync with the sun, and in 46 B.C. the emperor Julius Caesar decided to solve the problem by consulting with the most prominent astronomers and mathematicians of his time. He introduced the Julian calendar, which closely resembles the more modern one that most countries around the world use today.
In many countries, New Year's celebrations begin on the evening of December 31—New Year's Eve—and continue into the early hours of January 1. In Spain and several other Spanish-speaking countries, people bolt down a dozen grapes-symbolizing their hopes for the months ahead-right before midnight. In many parts of the world, traditional New Year's dishes feature legumes, which are thought to resemble coins and herald future financial success; examples include lentils in Italy and black-eyed peas in the southern United States. Because pigs represent progress and prosperity in some cultures, pork appears on the New Year's Eve table in Cuba, Austria, Hungary, Portugal and other countries. Ring-shaped cakes and pastries, a sign that the year has come full circle, round out the feast in the Netherlands, Mexico, Greece and elsewhere. In Sweden and Norway, meanwhile, rice pudding with an almond hidden inside is served on New Year's Eve; it is said that whoever finds the nut can expect 12 months of good fortune.
Other customs that are common worldwide include watching fireworks and singing songs to welcome the new year, including the ever-popular "Auld Lang Syne" in many English-speaking countries. The practice of making resolutions for the new year is thought to have first caught on among the ancient Babylonians, who made promises in order to earn the favor of the gods and start the year off on the right foot.
(Source: https://www.history.com/)
The word "favor" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. assistance
B. permission
C. partiality
D. goodwill
Từ "favor" trong đoạn 4 ám chỉ tới______.
A. assistance /əˈsɪs.təns/ (n): sự giúp đỡ
B. permission /pəˈmɪʃ.ən/ (n): sự cho phép
C. partiality /ˌpɑː.ʃiˈæl.ə.ti/ (n): tính không công bằng, sự ưu ái hoặc cảm giác yêu mến ai rất nhiều
D. goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ (n): thiện chí, cảm giác thân thiện đối với người khác
=> Dựa vào câu chứa từ để đoán nghĩa của nó qua ngữ cảnh:
"Other customs that are common worldwide include watching fireworks and singing songs to welcome the new year, including the ever-popular "Auld Lang Syne" in many English-speaking countries. The practice of making resolutions for the new year is thought to have first caught on among the ancient Babylonlans, who made promises in order to earn the favor of the gods and start the year off on the right foot."
(Các phong tục phổ biến khác trên toàn thế giới bao gồm xem pháo hoa và hát các bài hát chào đón năm mới, bao gồm cả "Auld Lang Syne" rất phổ biến ở nhiều quốc gia nói tiếng Anh. Người ta cho rằng tập tục đưa ra những khắc phục và cam kết cho năm mới lần đầu tiên xuất hiện ở những người Babylon cổ đại, những người đã hứa để nhận được sự ưu ái của các vị thần và bắt đầu một năm mới thuận lợi.)
=> Do đó: favor /ˈfeɪ.vər/ (n): sự ưu ái, sự đối đái rộng lượng đặc biệt hơn so với người khác ~ partiality
A. assistance /əˈsɪs.təns/ (n): sự giúp đỡ
B. permission /pəˈmɪʃ.ən/ (n): sự cho phép
C. partiality /ˌpɑː.ʃiˈæl.ə.ti/ (n): tính không công bằng, sự ưu ái hoặc cảm giác yêu mến ai rất nhiều
D. goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ (n): thiện chí, cảm giác thân thiện đối với người khác
=> Dựa vào câu chứa từ để đoán nghĩa của nó qua ngữ cảnh:
"Other customs that are common worldwide include watching fireworks and singing songs to welcome the new year, including the ever-popular "Auld Lang Syne" in many English-speaking countries. The practice of making resolutions for the new year is thought to have first caught on among the ancient Babylonlans, who made promises in order to earn the favor of the gods and start the year off on the right foot."
(Các phong tục phổ biến khác trên toàn thế giới bao gồm xem pháo hoa và hát các bài hát chào đón năm mới, bao gồm cả "Auld Lang Syne" rất phổ biến ở nhiều quốc gia nói tiếng Anh. Người ta cho rằng tập tục đưa ra những khắc phục và cam kết cho năm mới lần đầu tiên xuất hiện ở những người Babylon cổ đại, những người đã hứa để nhận được sự ưu ái của các vị thần và bắt đầu một năm mới thuận lợi.)
=> Do đó: favor /ˈfeɪ.vər/ (n): sự ưu ái, sự đối đái rộng lượng đặc biệt hơn so với người khác ~ partiality
Đáp án D.