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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur". What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $ 66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
The word "excluded" in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to___________
A. not permitted in
B. decorators of
C. often invited to
D. charged admission to
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur". What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $ 66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
The word "excluded" in paragraph 1 is closest meaning to___________
A. not permitted in
B. decorators of
C. often invited to
D. charged admission to
Đáp án A: not permitted in
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Câu hỏi tham chiếu/quy chiếu
Giải thích chi tiết:
Từ "excluded" trong đoạn 1 gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào sau đây?
A. không được phép tham gia
B. những thứ trang trí của
C. thường được mời đến
D. thu phí vào cửa ở
Để xác định được đại từ "excluded" gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào ta cần đọc câu chứa nó: "Women are still excluded from most executive suites." (Phụ nữ vẫn bị loại khỏi những vị trí điều hành quan trọng).
Như vậy, trong 4 phương án đã cho, chỉ có phương án A. not permitted in là phù hợp về nghĩa.
Kiến thức mở rộng:
Cụm từ "executive suite" được sử dụng rất phổ biến trong ngành Du lịch khách sạn để chỉ loại phòng cao cấp nhất, thường chỉ có trong khách sạn hoặc khu nghỉ dưỡng 4-5 sao. Phòng Executive Suite thích hợp cho các khách là doanh nhân hay người có tiêu chuẩn cao trong ngủ nghỉ.
Tuy nhiên, đặt trong văn cảnh cầu và văn cảnh của bài này, chúng ta nên hiểu là "những vị trí điều hành quan trọng."
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Câu hỏi tham chiếu/quy chiếu
Giải thích chi tiết:
Từ "excluded" trong đoạn 1 gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào sau đây?
A. không được phép tham gia
B. những thứ trang trí của
C. thường được mời đến
D. thu phí vào cửa ở
Để xác định được đại từ "excluded" gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào ta cần đọc câu chứa nó: "Women are still excluded from most executive suites." (Phụ nữ vẫn bị loại khỏi những vị trí điều hành quan trọng).
Như vậy, trong 4 phương án đã cho, chỉ có phương án A. not permitted in là phù hợp về nghĩa.
Kiến thức mở rộng:
Cụm từ "executive suite" được sử dụng rất phổ biến trong ngành Du lịch khách sạn để chỉ loại phòng cao cấp nhất, thường chỉ có trong khách sạn hoặc khu nghỉ dưỡng 4-5 sao. Phòng Executive Suite thích hợp cho các khách là doanh nhân hay người có tiêu chuẩn cao trong ngủ nghỉ.
Tuy nhiên, đặt trong văn cảnh cầu và văn cảnh của bài này, chúng ta nên hiểu là "những vị trí điều hành quan trọng."
Đáp án A.