Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50
One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor's salary will be higher than a bus conductor's wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man's work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher.
Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called "psychic wage", and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as "vocations" - nursing, teaching and the Church, for example - continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
Although the amount of money that people earn is in reality largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point for such an investigation would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicate by two factors: firstly by the "social wage", i.e, the welfare benefits which every citizen receives; and secondly, by the taxation system, which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Allowing for these two things, most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration (the so-called "brain-drain" is an evidence that this can happen). If it is more, the gap between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead social tensions and ultimately to violence.
A. disagreeable
B. disenchanted
C. discreditable
D. dishonest
One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor's salary will be higher than a bus conductor's wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take.
Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man's work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher.
Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called "psychic wage", and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony of his work. It is significant that that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as "vocations" - nursing, teaching and the Church, for example - continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth.
Although the amount of money that people earn is in reality largely determined by market forces, this should not prevent us from seeking some way to decide what is the right pay for the job. A starting point for such an investigation would be to try to decide the ratio which ought to exist between the highest and the lowest paid. The picture is made more complicate by two factors: firstly by the "social wage", i.e, the welfare benefits which every citizen receives; and secondly, by the taxation system, which is often used as an instrument of social justice by taxing high incomes at a very high rate indeed. Allowing for these two things, most countries now regard a ratio of 7:1 as socially acceptable. If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration (the so-called "brain-drain" is an evidence that this can happen). If it is more, the gap between rich and poor will be so great that it will lead social tensions and ultimately to violence.
(Adapted from: Business Insider)
The word "disillusioned" in paraghaph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.A. disagreeable
B. disenchanted
C. discreditable
D. dishonest
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích: Từ "disillusioned" trong đoạn 4 gần nghĩa nhất với Xét các đáp án:
A. disagreeable: không vừa ý/ khó chịu
B. disenchanted: làm tỉnh ngộ/hết ảo tưởng
C. discreditable: làm mất uy tín
D. dishonest: không trung thực
Thông tin: If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration (the so-called "brain-drain" is an evidence that this can happen).
Tạm dịch: Nếu ít hơn, những người có trình độ cao đảm đương những trách nhiệm nặng nề sẽ trở nên vỡ mộng và có thể sẽ dẫn đến sự ra đi (cái gọi là sự chảy máu chất xám là một dẫn chứng rằng điều này có thể xảy ra.
Giải thích: Từ "disillusioned" trong đoạn 4 gần nghĩa nhất với Xét các đáp án:
A. disagreeable: không vừa ý/ khó chịu
B. disenchanted: làm tỉnh ngộ/hết ảo tưởng
C. discreditable: làm mất uy tín
D. dishonest: không trung thực
Thông tin: If it is less, the highly-qualified people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned, and might even end up by emigration (the so-called "brain-drain" is an evidence that this can happen).
Tạm dịch: Nếu ít hơn, những người có trình độ cao đảm đương những trách nhiệm nặng nề sẽ trở nên vỡ mộng và có thể sẽ dẫn đến sự ra đi (cái gọi là sự chảy máu chất xám là một dẫn chứng rằng điều này có thể xảy ra.
Đáp án B.