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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions from 30 to 34.
The Age of Earth
There has been a lot of confusion about Earth's age throughout history. Until the nineteenth century, scientists held a really mistaken belief about the age of our planet. Prior to this time, they had thought that Earth was created around 4,000 or 5,000 BC.
In the middle of the nineteenth century, British physicist Lord Kelvin, the person that the Kelvin temperature scale is named after, came up with a very different idea about Earth's age. His idea may have been well-reasoned, but it was, unfortunately, also incorrect. Lord Kelvin determined Earth's age based upon its temperature. Scientists at the time understood that Earth's center was very hot, much hotter than Earth's surface. Lord Kelvin determined Earth's age by calculating how long it would take the surface to cool down from the scorching temperatures inside. Based on these calculations, Lord Kelvin calculated that Earth was approximately 100 million years old.
Lord Kelvin's calculation of Earth's age was better than previous calculations, but it was still not an accurate estimate. It was not correct because Lord Kelvin did not understand the effect of radioactivity on the cooling of Earth's surface. Radioactivity occurs naturally on Earth, and radioactivity creates heat. The naturally occurring radioactivity on Earth has caused Earth to cool much less swiftly than Lord Kelvin had calculated. In the twentieth century, based on an understanding of the effect of radioactivity on the cooling of Earth's surface, scientists calculated that Earth is between 4 and 5 billion years old.
The word "confusion" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. surprise
B. misunderstanding
C. anger
D. agreement
The Age of Earth
There has been a lot of confusion about Earth's age throughout history. Until the nineteenth century, scientists held a really mistaken belief about the age of our planet. Prior to this time, they had thought that Earth was created around 4,000 or 5,000 BC.
In the middle of the nineteenth century, British physicist Lord Kelvin, the person that the Kelvin temperature scale is named after, came up with a very different idea about Earth's age. His idea may have been well-reasoned, but it was, unfortunately, also incorrect. Lord Kelvin determined Earth's age based upon its temperature. Scientists at the time understood that Earth's center was very hot, much hotter than Earth's surface. Lord Kelvin determined Earth's age by calculating how long it would take the surface to cool down from the scorching temperatures inside. Based on these calculations, Lord Kelvin calculated that Earth was approximately 100 million years old.
Lord Kelvin's calculation of Earth's age was better than previous calculations, but it was still not an accurate estimate. It was not correct because Lord Kelvin did not understand the effect of radioactivity on the cooling of Earth's surface. Radioactivity occurs naturally on Earth, and radioactivity creates heat. The naturally occurring radioactivity on Earth has caused Earth to cool much less swiftly than Lord Kelvin had calculated. In the twentieth century, based on an understanding of the effect of radioactivity on the cooling of Earth's surface, scientists calculated that Earth is between 4 and 5 billion years old.
The word "confusion" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. surprise
B. misunderstanding
C. anger
D. agreement
Misunderstanding (n): sự hiểu nhầm, sự nhầm lẫn
Confusion (n): sự lẫn lộn, sự nhầm lẫn
Câu trả lời dựa vào thông tin "There has been a lot of confusion about Earth's age throughout history. Until the nineteenth century, scientists held a really mistaken belief about the age of our planet."
Confusion (n): sự lẫn lộn, sự nhầm lẫn
Câu trả lời dựa vào thông tin "There has been a lot of confusion about Earth's age throughout history. Until the nineteenth century, scientists held a really mistaken belief about the age of our planet."
Đáp án B.