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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin - a behavioural biologist - describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.
Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work. Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours' sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of "sleep debt".
Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life, and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world's most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world's population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.
What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on 'night call', and may get less than three hours' sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn't. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night.
The word "catastrophic" in the last paragraph probably means__________
A. likely to become worthless
B. becoming more noticeable
C. bound to bring satisfaction
D. causing serious damage or loss
We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin - a behavioural biologist - describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.
Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work. Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours' sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of "sleep debt".
Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life, and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world's most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world's population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.
What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on 'night call', and may get less than three hours' sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn't. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night.
The word "catastrophic" in the last paragraph probably means__________
A. likely to become worthless
B. becoming more noticeable
C. bound to bring satisfaction
D. causing serious damage or loss
Đáp án D: causing serious damage or loss
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Câu hỏi tham chiếu/quy chiếu
Giải thích chi tiết:
Từ "catastrophic" trong đoạn cuối nghĩa là ___________
A. chắc chắn trở nên vô giá trị
B. đang trở nên rõ rệt hơn.
C. có khả năng cao đem lại sự thỏa mãn
D. gây nên các tổn thương và mất mát nghiêm trọng
Để xác định được đại từ "which" ám chỉ điều gì, trong bài đọc này ta cần đọc câu chứa nó: "Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results." – Những kiến trúc sư phải làm việc lúc sáng sớm tinh mơ đã đưa ra hàng loạt những quyết định sai lầm dẫn đến những hậu quả kinh khủng
Trong 4 phương án đưa ra, chỉ có phương án D phù hợp về nghĩa với ngữ cảnh.
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Câu hỏi tham chiếu/quy chiếu
Giải thích chi tiết:
Từ "catastrophic" trong đoạn cuối nghĩa là ___________
A. chắc chắn trở nên vô giá trị
B. đang trở nên rõ rệt hơn.
C. có khả năng cao đem lại sự thỏa mãn
D. gây nên các tổn thương và mất mát nghiêm trọng
Để xác định được đại từ "which" ám chỉ điều gì, trong bài đọc này ta cần đọc câu chứa nó: "Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results." – Những kiến trúc sư phải làm việc lúc sáng sớm tinh mơ đã đưa ra hàng loạt những quyết định sai lầm dẫn đến những hậu quả kinh khủng
Trong 4 phương án đưa ra, chỉ có phương án D phù hợp về nghĩa với ngữ cảnh.
Đáp án D.