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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 38.
Earthquakes are destructive events in nature. The damage depends on the size or magnitude of the quake. There have never been so many people living in cities in quake zones, and so the worse the damage can be from a big quake, bringing fires, tsunamis, and the loss of life, property, and maybe an entire city.
We understand how earthquakes happen but not exactly where or when they will occur. Until recently, quakes seemed to occur at random. In Japan, government research is now showing that quakes can be predicted. At the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka says earthquakes do follow a pattern—pressure builds in a zone and must be released. But a colleague, Naoyuki Kato, adds that laboratory experiments indicate that a fault slips a little before it breaks. If this is true, predictions can be made based on the detection of slips.
Research in the U.S. may support Kato's theory. In Parkfield, California earthquakes occur about every 22 years on the San Andreas fault. In the 1980s, scientists drilled into the fault and set up equipment to record activity to look for warning signs. When an earthquake hit again, it was years off schedule. At first the event seemed random but scientists drilled deeper. By 2005 they reached the bottom of the fault, two miles down, and found something. Data from two quakes reported in 2008 show there were two "slips'—places where the plates widened—before the fault line broke and the quakes occurred.
We are learning more about these destructive events every day. In the future we may be able to track earthquakes and design an early-warning system. So if the next great earthquake does happen in Tokai, about 100 miles southwest of Tokyo, as some scientists think, the citizens of Tokai may have advance warning.
(Adapted from Reading Explorer 3, Nancy Douglas et al., 2010)
The underlined word "it" in the passage refers to _____________.
A. a fault
B. a little
C. an experiment
D. a pattern
Earthquakes are destructive events in nature. The damage depends on the size or magnitude of the quake. There have never been so many people living in cities in quake zones, and so the worse the damage can be from a big quake, bringing fires, tsunamis, and the loss of life, property, and maybe an entire city.
We understand how earthquakes happen but not exactly where or when they will occur. Until recently, quakes seemed to occur at random. In Japan, government research is now showing that quakes can be predicted. At the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka says earthquakes do follow a pattern—pressure builds in a zone and must be released. But a colleague, Naoyuki Kato, adds that laboratory experiments indicate that a fault slips a little before it breaks. If this is true, predictions can be made based on the detection of slips.
Research in the U.S. may support Kato's theory. In Parkfield, California earthquakes occur about every 22 years on the San Andreas fault. In the 1980s, scientists drilled into the fault and set up equipment to record activity to look for warning signs. When an earthquake hit again, it was years off schedule. At first the event seemed random but scientists drilled deeper. By 2005 they reached the bottom of the fault, two miles down, and found something. Data from two quakes reported in 2008 show there were two "slips'—places where the plates widened—before the fault line broke and the quakes occurred.
We are learning more about these destructive events every day. In the future we may be able to track earthquakes and design an early-warning system. So if the next great earthquake does happen in Tokai, about 100 miles southwest of Tokyo, as some scientists think, the citizens of Tokai may have advance warning.
(Adapted from Reading Explorer 3, Nancy Douglas et al., 2010)
The underlined word "it" in the passage refers to _____________.
A. a fault
B. a little
C. an experiment
D. a pattern
Từ "it" trong đoạn văn ám chỉ đến _________.
A. chỗ đứt gãy (trong các lớp đá của vỏ trái đất)
B. một chút ít
C. một cuộc thí nghiệm
D. một mô hình
=> Theo ngữ cảnh trong câu chứa từ được quy chiếu:
"At the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka says earthquakes do follow a pattern — pressure builds in a zone and must be released. But a colleague, Naoyuki Kato, adds that laboratory experiments indicate that a fault slips a little before it breaks. If this is true, predictions can be made based on the detection of slips."
(Tại Viện Nghiên cứu Động đất, Đại học Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka cho biết động đất xảy ra theo một mô hình - áp lực hình thành trong một khu vực và phải được giải phóng. Nhưng một đồng nghiệp, Naoyuki Kato, nói thêm rằng các thí nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm chỉ ra rằng một chỗ đứt gãy trượt một chút trước khi nó sẽ đứt vỡ ra. Nếu điều này là đúng, các dự đoán có thể được thực hiện dựa trên việc phát hiện các vết trượt.)
=> Do đó, "it" ở đây ám chỉ đến "a fault".
A. chỗ đứt gãy (trong các lớp đá của vỏ trái đất)
B. một chút ít
C. một cuộc thí nghiệm
D. một mô hình
=> Theo ngữ cảnh trong câu chứa từ được quy chiếu:
"At the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka says earthquakes do follow a pattern — pressure builds in a zone and must be released. But a colleague, Naoyuki Kato, adds that laboratory experiments indicate that a fault slips a little before it breaks. If this is true, predictions can be made based on the detection of slips."
(Tại Viện Nghiên cứu Động đất, Đại học Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka cho biết động đất xảy ra theo một mô hình - áp lực hình thành trong một khu vực và phải được giải phóng. Nhưng một đồng nghiệp, Naoyuki Kato, nói thêm rằng các thí nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm chỉ ra rằng một chỗ đứt gãy trượt một chút trước khi nó sẽ đứt vỡ ra. Nếu điều này là đúng, các dự đoán có thể được thực hiện dựa trên việc phát hiện các vết trượt.)
=> Do đó, "it" ở đây ám chỉ đến "a fault".
Đáp án A.