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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The garden city was largely the invention of the British social visionary Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After emigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those pre-skyscraper days, it was nicknamed "the Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his proposed towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his concept in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were circulating at the time, but creating a unique combination of proposals.
The nineteenth-century slum city was in many ways a horrific-place; but it offered economic and social opportunities, lights and crowds. At the same time, the British countryside - now too often seen in a sentimental glow - was in fact equally unprepossessing: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor adequate social life. Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard's idea was that a group of people should establish a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the countryside, far enough from existing cities to ensure that the land was bought at the bottom price. They should get agreement from leading industrialists to move their factories there from the congested cities; their workers would move too, and would build their own houses.
Garden cities would follow the same basic blueprint, with a high proportion of green spaces, together with a central public open space, radial avenues, and peripheral industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of permanent green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms, but institutions like reformatories and convalescent homes, that could benefit from a rural location. As more and more people moved out, the garden city would reach its planned limit – Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
The phrase "drawing on" in paragraph 1 mostly means_______.
A. giving a description of
B. giving an explanation of.
C. making use of
D. making comments on
The garden city was largely the invention of the British social visionary Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After emigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those pre-skyscraper days, it was nicknamed "the Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his proposed towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his concept in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were circulating at the time, but creating a unique combination of proposals.
The nineteenth-century slum city was in many ways a horrific-place; but it offered economic and social opportunities, lights and crowds. At the same time, the British countryside - now too often seen in a sentimental glow - was in fact equally unprepossessing: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor adequate social life. Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard's idea was that a group of people should establish a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the countryside, far enough from existing cities to ensure that the land was bought at the bottom price. They should get agreement from leading industrialists to move their factories there from the congested cities; their workers would move too, and would build their own houses.
Garden cities would follow the same basic blueprint, with a high proportion of green spaces, together with a central public open space, radial avenues, and peripheral industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of permanent green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms, but institutions like reformatories and convalescent homes, that could benefit from a rural location. As more and more people moved out, the garden city would reach its planned limit – Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
The phrase "drawing on" in paragraph 1 mostly means_______.
A. giving a description of
B. giving an explanation of.
C. making use of
D. making comments on
TẠM DỊCH:
Giải thích:
Cụm "drawing on" trong đoạn 1 có nghĩa là ____.
A. đưa ra mô tả
B. đưa ra lời giải thích
C. tận dụng
D. bình luận
draw on something: dựa vào cái gì = make use of something
| The garden city was largely the invention of the British social visionary Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After emigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those pre-skyscraper days, it was nicknamed "the Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his proposed towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his concept in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were circulating at the time, but creating a unique combination of proposals. The nineteenth-century slum city was in many ways a horrific-place; but it offered economic and social opportunities, lights and crowds. At the same time, the British countryside - now too often seen in a sentimental glow - was in fact equally unprepossessing: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor adequate social life. Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard's idea was that a group of people should establish a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the countryside, far enough from existing cities to ensure that the land was bought at the bottom price. They should get agreement from leading industrialists to move their factories there from the congested cities; their workers would move too, and would build their own houses. Garden cities would follow the same basic blueprint, with a high proportion of green spaces, together with a central public open space, radial avenues, and peripheral industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of permanent green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms, but institutions like reformatories and convalescent homes, that could benefit from a rural location. As more and more people moved out, the garden city would reach its planned limit – Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city. | Thành phố vườn phần lớn là phát minh của một người Anh có tầm nhìn xa về xã hội tên là Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). Sau khi di cư từ Anh đến Mỹ, và nỗ lực kiếm sống bằng nghề nông không thành công, ông đã chuyển đến Chicago, nơi ông nhìn thấy sự tái xây dựng thành phố sau trận hỏa hoạn kinh hoàng năm 1871. Vào thời kỳ chưa có những tòa nhà chọc trời, nó có biệt danh là "Thành phố vườn", gần như chắc chắn là nguồn gốc của cái tên mà Howard đã đặt cho những thành phố mình đề xuất. Quay trở về London, Howard đã phát triển ý tưởng của mình vào những năm 1880 và 1890, dựa trên những ý tưởng đang thịnh hành vào thời điểm đó, nhưng tạo ra một sự kết hợp độc đáo của các đề xuất. Thành phố ổ chuột thế kỷ 19 về nhiều mặt là một nơi khủng khiếp; nhưng nó mang lại cơ hội về kinh tế và xã hội, ánh sáng và đám đông. Cùng lúc đó, vùng quê ở Anh - hiện nay thường được xem là một nơi tràn đầy tình cảm - trên thực tế cũng chẳng hấp dẫn: mặc dù hứa hẹn không khí và thiên nhiên trong lành, nó lại chịu tình trạng suy thoái nông nghiệp và thường không có đủ việc làm và tiền lương, lẫn đời sống xã hội đủ đầy. Ý tưởng của Howard là kết hợp những gì tốt nhất của thành phố và vùng nông thôn theo một kiểu chỗ ở mới, thành phố vườn. Ý tưởng của Howard chính là một nhóm người nên thành lập một công ty, mượn tiền để xây dựng một thành phố vườn ở vùng nông thôn, đủ xa các thành phố hiện thời để đảm bảo đất được mua với giá thấp nhất. Họ nên thuyết phục giới chủ tư bản chuyển nhà máy của mình từ các thành phố tắc nghẽn đến đó; công nhân của họ cũng sẽ di chuyển, và sẽ xây dựng nhà riêng. Thành phố vườn sẽ tuân theo bản thiết kế cơ bản giống nhau, với các không gian xanh chiếm tỷ lệ cao, cùng với một không gian mở công cộng ở trung tâm, các đại lộ xuyên tâm, và các khu công nghiệp ở ngoại biên. Chúng sẽ được bao quanh bởi một vành đai xanh lớn, cũng do công ty sở hữu, không chỉ bao gồm các nông trại, mà còn cả các tổ chức như trường giáo dưỡng và nhà dưỡng bệnh, những nơi này có thể hưởng lợi từ vị trí nông thôn. Vì ngày càng có nhiều người chuyển đi, thành phố vườn sẽ đạt giới hạn quy hoạch - Howard đã đề xuất 32,000 người; sau đó, một thành phố khác sẽ được xây dựng cách đó không xa. Do đó, qua thời gian, chúng ta sẽ phát triển một tập hợp nhà rộng lớn, trải dài không giới hạn; trong đó, mỗi thành phố vườn sẽ cung cấp vô số việc làm và dịch vụ, nhưng mỗi nơi sẽ được kết nối với các nơi khác bằng một hệ thống giao thông nhanh chóng, từ đó mang đến toàn bộ cơ hội về kinh tế và xã hội của một thành phố lớn. |
Cụm "drawing on" trong đoạn 1 có nghĩa là ____.
A. đưa ra mô tả
B. đưa ra lời giải thích
C. tận dụng
D. bình luận
draw on something: dựa vào cái gì = make use of something
Đáp án C.