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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet ti indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades to research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category to “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs to that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.
Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT: _______.
A. formal election process
B. recruitment
C. specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades to research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category to “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs to that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.
Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT: _______.
A. formal election process
B. recruitment
C. specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
Đoạn văn đề cập đến tất cả những cách sau mà môi người có thể trở thành lãnh đạo, ngoại trừ _____.
A. quá trình bầu chọn chính thức
B. tuyển dụng
C.đào tạo kĩ năng lãnh đạo cụ thể
D. khuôn mẫu văn hóa truyền thống
Thông tin:
In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. (Trong gia đình, những khuôn mẫu văn hóa truyền thống trao quyền lãnh đạo cho một hoặc cả bố mẹ. Trong các trường hợp khác, như nhóm bạn, một hoặc nhiều người có thể dần trở thành người lãnh đạo, mặc dù không trải qua quá trình bầu chọn chính thức nào. Trong các nhóm lớn hơn, những người lãnh đạo thường được lựa chọn chính thức thông qua bầu cử hoặc tuyển chọn.)
A. quá trình bầu chọn chính thức
B. tuyển dụng
C.đào tạo kĩ năng lãnh đạo cụ thể
D. khuôn mẫu văn hóa truyền thống
Thông tin:
In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. (Trong gia đình, những khuôn mẫu văn hóa truyền thống trao quyền lãnh đạo cho một hoặc cả bố mẹ. Trong các trường hợp khác, như nhóm bạn, một hoặc nhiều người có thể dần trở thành người lãnh đạo, mặc dù không trải qua quá trình bầu chọn chính thức nào. Trong các nhóm lớn hơn, những người lãnh đạo thường được lựa chọn chính thức thông qua bầu cử hoặc tuyển chọn.)
Đáp án C.