Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Most desert animals will drink water if confronted with it, but many of them never have any opportunity. All living things must have water, or they will expire. The herbivores find it in desert plants. The carnivores slake their thirst with the flesh and blood of living prey. One of the most remarkable adjustments, however, has been made by the tiny kangaroo rat, who not only lives without drinking but subsists on a diet of dry seeds containing about 5% free water. Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract.
Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals. Could kangaroo rats somehow store water in their bodies and slowly utilize these resources in the long periods when no free water is available from dew or rain? The simplest way to settle this question was to determine the total water content in the animals to see if it decreases as they are kept for long periods on a dry diet. If they slowly use up their water, the body should become increasingly dehydrated, and if they begin with a store of water, this should be evident from an initial high water content. Results of such experiments with kangaroo rats on dry diets for more than 7 weeks showed that the rats maintained their body content during the long period of water deprivation. When the kangaroo rats were given free access to water, they did not drink water. They did nibble on small pieces of watermelon, but this did not change appreciably the water intent in their bodies, which remained at 66.3% to 67.2% during this period.
This is very close to the water content of dry-fed animals (66.5%), and the availability of free water, therefore, did not lead to any "storage" that could be meaningful as a water reserve. This makes it reasonable to conclude that physiological storage of water is not a factor in the kangaroo rat's ability to live on dry food.
The author states that the kangaroo rat is known for all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. the economy with which it uses available water
B. living without drinking water
C. breathing slowly and infrequently
D. manufacturing water internally
Most desert animals will drink water if confronted with it, but many of them never have any opportunity. All living things must have water, or they will expire. The herbivores find it in desert plants. The carnivores slake their thirst with the flesh and blood of living prey. One of the most remarkable adjustments, however, has been made by the tiny kangaroo rat, who not only lives without drinking but subsists on a diet of dry seeds containing about 5% free water. Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract.
Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals. Could kangaroo rats somehow store water in their bodies and slowly utilize these resources in the long periods when no free water is available from dew or rain? The simplest way to settle this question was to determine the total water content in the animals to see if it decreases as they are kept for long periods on a dry diet. If they slowly use up their water, the body should become increasingly dehydrated, and if they begin with a store of water, this should be evident from an initial high water content. Results of such experiments with kangaroo rats on dry diets for more than 7 weeks showed that the rats maintained their body content during the long period of water deprivation. When the kangaroo rats were given free access to water, they did not drink water. They did nibble on small pieces of watermelon, but this did not change appreciably the water intent in their bodies, which remained at 66.3% to 67.2% during this period.
This is very close to the water content of dry-fed animals (66.5%), and the availability of free water, therefore, did not lead to any "storage" that could be meaningful as a water reserve. This makes it reasonable to conclude that physiological storage of water is not a factor in the kangaroo rat's ability to live on dry food.
The author states that the kangaroo rat is known for all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. the economy with which it uses available water
B. living without drinking water
C. breathing slowly and infrequently
D. manufacturing water internally
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu – chi tiết
Giải thích:
Tác giả nói rằng chuột túi được biết đến với tất các các điều sau NGOẠI TRỪ ______.
A. sự tiết kiệm khi sử dụng nước sẵn cóB. sống không cần uống nước
C. thở chậm và không thường xuyênD. sản xuất nước trong nội bộ
Thông tin: Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract. … Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals.
Tạm dịch: Giống như các loài động vật khác, chuột túi có khả năng sản xuất nước trong cơ thể (D) bằng cách chuyển hóa carbohydrate. Nhưng nó gây chú ý vì sự tiết kiệm hay chính là việc nó bảo tồn nguồn cung cấp nhỏ của mình bằng mọi cách có thể, chỉ thải ra một lượng nhỏ (A) trong phân và qua đường hô hấp do sự bay hơi … Việc điều tra làm thế nào chuột túi có thể sống mà không cần uống nước (B) gồm nhiều thí nghiệm khác nhau với những con vật nhỏ này.
Giải thích:
Tác giả nói rằng chuột túi được biết đến với tất các các điều sau NGOẠI TRỪ ______.
A. sự tiết kiệm khi sử dụng nước sẵn cóB. sống không cần uống nước
C. thở chậm và không thường xuyênD. sản xuất nước trong nội bộ
Thông tin: Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract. … Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals.
Tạm dịch: Giống như các loài động vật khác, chuột túi có khả năng sản xuất nước trong cơ thể (D) bằng cách chuyển hóa carbohydrate. Nhưng nó gây chú ý vì sự tiết kiệm hay chính là việc nó bảo tồn nguồn cung cấp nhỏ của mình bằng mọi cách có thể, chỉ thải ra một lượng nhỏ (A) trong phân và qua đường hô hấp do sự bay hơi … Việc điều tra làm thế nào chuột túi có thể sống mà không cần uống nước (B) gồm nhiều thí nghiệm khác nhau với những con vật nhỏ này.
Đáp án C.