Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty Seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short-term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter that only allows stimuli that are of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of short-term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short-term memory and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again. one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy. people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from short-term to long-term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre- existing long-term memories.
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long-term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple-choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.
The author believes that role rotation is:
A. ineffective in the long run
B. the best way to remember something
C. more efficient than chunking
D. an unnecessary interruption
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty Seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short-term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter that only allows stimuli that are of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of short-term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short-term memory and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again. one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy. people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone call, he will likely forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from short-term to long-term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre- existing long-term memories.
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long-term memory and used often; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple-choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.
The author believes that role rotation is:
A. ineffective in the long run
B. the best way to remember something
C. more efficient than chunking
D. an unnecessary interruption
Tác giả cho rằng sự luân phiên học vẹt thì _____
A. không hiệu quả về lâu dài
B. là cách tốt nhất để ghi nhớ điều gì
C. hiệu quả hơn việc phân nhóm
D. là một sự gián đoạn không cần thiết
Thông tin:
+ Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from short-term to long-term memory. (Do đó, phương pháp học vẹt không phải là một cách hiệu quả để truyền thông tin từ bộ nhớ ngắn hạn sang dài hạn.)→ B sai
+ Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short-term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. (Các nhà lý luận hiện đại cho rằng một người có thể tăng dung lượng bộ nhớ ngắn hạn bằng cách nhóm, hoặc phân loại các thông tin tương đồng cùng nhau.)→ C sai
+ When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. (Khi nỗ lực ghi nhớ chuyện gì một cách có chủ đích, như thông tin cho kỳ thi, nhiều người thực hiện "học vẹt". Bằng việc lặp đi lặp lại điều gì nhiều lần, một người có thể duy trì ký ức của mình. Nhưng không may là kiểu duy trì trí nhớ này chỉ thành công nếu không có bất kỳ sự gián đoạn nào.)→ D sai
+ As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. (Ngay khi một người ngừng thuật lại thông tin, nó sẽ có xu hướng biến mất.)→ A đúng
A. không hiệu quả về lâu dài
B. là cách tốt nhất để ghi nhớ điều gì
C. hiệu quả hơn việc phân nhóm
D. là một sự gián đoạn không cần thiết
Thông tin:
+ Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from short-term to long-term memory. (Do đó, phương pháp học vẹt không phải là một cách hiệu quả để truyền thông tin từ bộ nhớ ngắn hạn sang dài hạn.)→ B sai
+ Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short-term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. (Các nhà lý luận hiện đại cho rằng một người có thể tăng dung lượng bộ nhớ ngắn hạn bằng cách nhóm, hoặc phân loại các thông tin tương đồng cùng nhau.)→ C sai
+ When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. (Khi nỗ lực ghi nhớ chuyện gì một cách có chủ đích, như thông tin cho kỳ thi, nhiều người thực hiện "học vẹt". Bằng việc lặp đi lặp lại điều gì nhiều lần, một người có thể duy trì ký ức của mình. Nhưng không may là kiểu duy trì trí nhớ này chỉ thành công nếu không có bất kỳ sự gián đoạn nào.)→ D sai
+ As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. (Ngay khi một người ngừng thuật lại thông tin, nó sẽ có xu hướng biến mất.)→ A đúng
Đáp án A.