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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The reason women appear to be at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than men might be due to a number of genetic, anatomical and even social influences, researchers have suggested.
Recent figures show about 65% of those living with dementia in the UK are women, with a similar statistic seen in the US for Alzheimer's disease, while dementia is the leading cause of death for women in England. Alzheimer's disease is only one of the types of dementia, but the most common form. While one explanation is that dementia risk increases with age, and women have longer life expectancies than men, new research suggests there might be more to the matter, including that protein tangles found within neurons and linked to Alzheimer's disease might spread differently in women's brains than men's.
The study, presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Los Angeles by researchers from Vanderbilt University and which has not yet been peer-reviewed, used scans from a method called positron emission tomography. That allowed them to look at the way clumps of a protein called tau were spread in the brains of 123 men and 178 women without cognitive problems, as well as 101 men and 60 women with mild cognitive problems – although not yet diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Cognitively normal older people often have small amounts of tau in certain areas of their brain.
From the data the team could build maps showing which areas of the brain show similar signals relating to tau in the scans, suggesting they are somehow connected. "Based on that we kind of try to reconstruct the pattern of spread," Dr Sepideh Shokouhi, who is presenting the research, told the Guardian. "It is kind of like reconstructing a crime scene." The team says the results suggest these maps look different in women and men, suggesting tau might be able to spread more rapidly across the female brain.
Other research presented at the conference – and also not yet peer-reviewed – added weight to the idea that there might be differences between men and women that affect dementia risk. Research by scientists at the University of Miami has revealed a handful of genes and genetic variants appear to be linked to Alzheimer's disease in just one biological sex or the other. While the actual importance of these factors has yet to be unpicked, and the study only looked at white participants, the team says it underscores that there could be a genetic reason for differences in the risk of dementia in men and women, and the way it develops.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________.
A. researchers are sure that the differences between genders will affect Alzheimer's risk.
B. the influence of a handful of genes and genetic variants on Alzheimer's has not been scientifically illuminated.
C. the research has studied all groups of participants for the risk of dementia.
D. the results of all research on Alzheimer's are different from each other.
The reason women appear to be at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than men might be due to a number of genetic, anatomical and even social influences, researchers have suggested.
Recent figures show about 65% of those living with dementia in the UK are women, with a similar statistic seen in the US for Alzheimer's disease, while dementia is the leading cause of death for women in England. Alzheimer's disease is only one of the types of dementia, but the most common form. While one explanation is that dementia risk increases with age, and women have longer life expectancies than men, new research suggests there might be more to the matter, including that protein tangles found within neurons and linked to Alzheimer's disease might spread differently in women's brains than men's.
The study, presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Los Angeles by researchers from Vanderbilt University and which has not yet been peer-reviewed, used scans from a method called positron emission tomography. That allowed them to look at the way clumps of a protein called tau were spread in the brains of 123 men and 178 women without cognitive problems, as well as 101 men and 60 women with mild cognitive problems – although not yet diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Cognitively normal older people often have small amounts of tau in certain areas of their brain.
From the data the team could build maps showing which areas of the brain show similar signals relating to tau in the scans, suggesting they are somehow connected. "Based on that we kind of try to reconstruct the pattern of spread," Dr Sepideh Shokouhi, who is presenting the research, told the Guardian. "It is kind of like reconstructing a crime scene." The team says the results suggest these maps look different in women and men, suggesting tau might be able to spread more rapidly across the female brain.
Other research presented at the conference – and also not yet peer-reviewed – added weight to the idea that there might be differences between men and women that affect dementia risk. Research by scientists at the University of Miami has revealed a handful of genes and genetic variants appear to be linked to Alzheimer's disease in just one biological sex or the other. While the actual importance of these factors has yet to be unpicked, and the study only looked at white participants, the team says it underscores that there could be a genetic reason for differences in the risk of dementia in men and women, and the way it develops.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____________.
A. researchers are sure that the differences between genders will affect Alzheimer's risk.
B. the influence of a handful of genes and genetic variants on Alzheimer's has not been scientifically illuminated.
C. the research has studied all groups of participants for the risk of dementia.
D. the results of all research on Alzheimer's are different from each other.
Có thể suy ra từ đoạn văn cuối rằng _______________.
A. các nhà khoa học chắc chắn rằng sự khác biệt về giới tính sẽ ảnh hưởng tới nguy cơ bị Alzheimer.
B. sự ảnh hưởng của một nhóm gien và các biến thể gien lên bệnh Alzheimer vẫn chưa được làm sáng tỏ về mặt khoa học.
C. các nghiên cứu đã nghiên cứu toàn bộ các nhóm người tham gia về nguy cơ mất trí nhớ.
D. kết quả của các nghiên cứu về Alzheimer đều khác nhau.
Căn cứ thông tin đoạn cuối:
Research by scientists at the University of Miami has revealed a handful of genes and genetic variants appear to be linked to Alzheimer's disease in just one biological sex or the other. While the actual importance of these factors has yet to be unpicked, and the study only looked at white participants, the team says it underscores that there could be a genetic reason for differences in the risk of dementia in men and women, and the way it develops.
(Nghiên cứu của các nhà khoa học tại trường Đại học Miami đã phát hiện ra 1 nhóm gien và các biến thể gien có liên quan tới bệnh Alzheimer chỉ ở giới tính này hay giới tính kia. Trong khi tầm quan trọng của các nhân tố này vẫn chưa được làm sáng tỏ, và nghiên cứu chỉ quan sát ở nhóm người da trắng, các nhà nghiên cứu cho rằng có thể có 1 nguyên nhân về gien cho sự khác nhau về nguy cơ mất trí nhớ ở nam và nữ, và cách chúng phát triển).
A. các nhà khoa học chắc chắn rằng sự khác biệt về giới tính sẽ ảnh hưởng tới nguy cơ bị Alzheimer.
B. sự ảnh hưởng của một nhóm gien và các biến thể gien lên bệnh Alzheimer vẫn chưa được làm sáng tỏ về mặt khoa học.
C. các nghiên cứu đã nghiên cứu toàn bộ các nhóm người tham gia về nguy cơ mất trí nhớ.
D. kết quả của các nghiên cứu về Alzheimer đều khác nhau.
Căn cứ thông tin đoạn cuối:
Research by scientists at the University of Miami has revealed a handful of genes and genetic variants appear to be linked to Alzheimer's disease in just one biological sex or the other. While the actual importance of these factors has yet to be unpicked, and the study only looked at white participants, the team says it underscores that there could be a genetic reason for differences in the risk of dementia in men and women, and the way it develops.
(Nghiên cứu của các nhà khoa học tại trường Đại học Miami đã phát hiện ra 1 nhóm gien và các biến thể gien có liên quan tới bệnh Alzheimer chỉ ở giới tính này hay giới tính kia. Trong khi tầm quan trọng của các nhân tố này vẫn chưa được làm sáng tỏ, và nghiên cứu chỉ quan sát ở nhóm người da trắng, các nhà nghiên cứu cho rằng có thể có 1 nguyên nhân về gien cho sự khác nhau về nguy cơ mất trí nhớ ở nam và nữ, và cách chúng phát triển).
Đáp án B.