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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
One of the factors contributing to the intense nature of twenty-first-century stress is our continual exposure to media - particularly to an overabundance of news. If you feel stressed out by the news, you are far from alone. Yet somehow many of us seem unable to prevent ourselves from tuning in to an extreme degree.
The further back we go in human history, the longer news took to travel from place to place, and the less news we had of distant people and lands altogether. The printing press obviously changed all that, as did every subsequent development in transportation and telecommunication. When television came along, it proliferated like a population of rabbits. In 1950, there were 100,000 television sets in North American homes; one year later there were more than a million. Today, it's not unusual for a home to have three or more television sets, each with cable access to perhaps over a hurdred channels. News is the subject of many of those channels, and on several of them it runs 24 hours a day.
What's more, after the traumatic events of September 11, 2001, live newscasts were paired with perennial text crawls across the bottom of the screen – so that viewers could stay abreast of every story all the time.
Needless to say, the news that is reported to us is not good news, but rather disturbing images and sound bytes alluding to disaster (natural and man-made), upheaval, crime, scandal, war, and the like. Compounding the problem is that when actual breaking news is scarce, most broadcasts fill in with scare stories about things that possibly might threaten our health, safety, finances, relationships, waistline, hairline, or very existence in the future. This variety of story tends to treat with equal alarm a potentially lethal flu outbreak and the bogus claims of a wrinkle cream that overpromises smooth skin.
Are humans meant to be able to process so much trauma - not to mention so much overblown anticipation of potential trauma - at once? The human brain, remember, is programmed to slip into alarm mode when danger looms. Danger looms for someone, somewhere at every moment. Exposing ourselves to such input without respite and without perspective cannot be anything other than a source of chronic stress.
In the past, we had less news of distant people and lands because ___________
A. Printing, transportation, and telecommunications were not developed
B. Means of communication and transportation were not yet invented
C. most people lived in distant towns and villages
D. The printing press changed the situation too slowly
One of the factors contributing to the intense nature of twenty-first-century stress is our continual exposure to media - particularly to an overabundance of news. If you feel stressed out by the news, you are far from alone. Yet somehow many of us seem unable to prevent ourselves from tuning in to an extreme degree.
The further back we go in human history, the longer news took to travel from place to place, and the less news we had of distant people and lands altogether. The printing press obviously changed all that, as did every subsequent development in transportation and telecommunication. When television came along, it proliferated like a population of rabbits. In 1950, there were 100,000 television sets in North American homes; one year later there were more than a million. Today, it's not unusual for a home to have three or more television sets, each with cable access to perhaps over a hurdred channels. News is the subject of many of those channels, and on several of them it runs 24 hours a day.
What's more, after the traumatic events of September 11, 2001, live newscasts were paired with perennial text crawls across the bottom of the screen – so that viewers could stay abreast of every story all the time.
Needless to say, the news that is reported to us is not good news, but rather disturbing images and sound bytes alluding to disaster (natural and man-made), upheaval, crime, scandal, war, and the like. Compounding the problem is that when actual breaking news is scarce, most broadcasts fill in with scare stories about things that possibly might threaten our health, safety, finances, relationships, waistline, hairline, or very existence in the future. This variety of story tends to treat with equal alarm a potentially lethal flu outbreak and the bogus claims of a wrinkle cream that overpromises smooth skin.
Are humans meant to be able to process so much trauma - not to mention so much overblown anticipation of potential trauma - at once? The human brain, remember, is programmed to slip into alarm mode when danger looms. Danger looms for someone, somewhere at every moment. Exposing ourselves to such input without respite and without perspective cannot be anything other than a source of chronic stress.
In the past, we had less news of distant people and lands because ___________
A. Printing, transportation, and telecommunications were not developed
B. Means of communication and transportation were not yet invented
C. most people lived in distant towns and villages
D. The printing press changed the situation too slowly
Đáp án A: Printing, transportation, and telecommunications were not developed
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc
Giải thích chi tiết:
Trước đây, chúng ta có ít tin tức của những người ở xa và vùng đất xa xôi hơn bởi vì____________
A. In ấn, giao thông vận tải và viễn thông vẫn chưa phát triển
B. Phương tiện liên lạc và giao thông vận tải vẫn chưa được phát minh
C. Phần lớn mọi người đều sống ở những thị trấn làng mạc xa xôi
D. Máy in đã thay đổi tình hình quá chậm chạp.
Dựa vào từ khóa "less news of distant people and lands" ở câu hỏi, ta có thể tìm được câu trả lời cho câu hỏi. Cụ thể là các câu đầu đoạn 2: "The further back we go in human history, the longer news took to travel from place to place, and the less news we had of distant people and lands altogether. The printing press obviously changed all that, as did every subsequent development in transportation and telecommunication." - Trong lịch sử loài người xa xưa, đi từ chỗ này đến chỗ kia càng xa thì càng có ít tin tức của những người ở xa và các vùng đất xa xôi. Máy in, cùng với mọi sự phát triển sau này của giao thông và thông tin liên lạc rõ ràng đã thay đổi tất cả.
Từ đây có thể suy ra, phương án A đúng.
Phương án B vừa thiếu ý, vừa sai ý. Thiếu ý "máy in" và sai ở từ "phát minh". Theo ý của bài thì giao thông và thông tin liên lạc đã có nhưng chưa phát triển. Sau này phát triển mạnh thì mới thuận tiện hơn cho việc đưa tin.
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc
Giải thích chi tiết:
Trước đây, chúng ta có ít tin tức của những người ở xa và vùng đất xa xôi hơn bởi vì____________
A. In ấn, giao thông vận tải và viễn thông vẫn chưa phát triển
B. Phương tiện liên lạc và giao thông vận tải vẫn chưa được phát minh
C. Phần lớn mọi người đều sống ở những thị trấn làng mạc xa xôi
D. Máy in đã thay đổi tình hình quá chậm chạp.
Dựa vào từ khóa "less news of distant people and lands" ở câu hỏi, ta có thể tìm được câu trả lời cho câu hỏi. Cụ thể là các câu đầu đoạn 2: "The further back we go in human history, the longer news took to travel from place to place, and the less news we had of distant people and lands altogether. The printing press obviously changed all that, as did every subsequent development in transportation and telecommunication." - Trong lịch sử loài người xa xưa, đi từ chỗ này đến chỗ kia càng xa thì càng có ít tin tức của những người ở xa và các vùng đất xa xôi. Máy in, cùng với mọi sự phát triển sau này của giao thông và thông tin liên lạc rõ ràng đã thay đổi tất cả.
Từ đây có thể suy ra, phương án A đúng.
Phương án B vừa thiếu ý, vừa sai ý. Thiếu ý "máy in" và sai ở từ "phát minh". Theo ý của bài thì giao thông và thông tin liên lạc đã có nhưng chưa phát triển. Sau này phát triển mạnh thì mới thuận tiện hơn cho việc đưa tin.
Đáp án A.