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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
In the last paragraph, what does the author imply a major function of hypotheses?
A. Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others.
B. Sifting through known facts.
C. Linking together different theories.
D. Providing direction for scientific research.
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
In the last paragraph, what does the author imply a major function of hypotheses?
A. Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others.
B. Sifting through known facts.
C. Linking together different theories.
D. Providing direction for scientific research.
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu – suy luận
Giải thích:
Trong đoạn cuối, tác giả ngụ ý chức năng chính của các giả thuyết là gì?
A. Truyền đạt suy nghĩ của nhà khoa học cho người khác.
B. Sàng lọc các dữ kiện đã biết.
C. Liên kết các lý thuyết khác nhau với nhau.
D. Đưa ra hướng nghiên cứu khoa học.
Thông tin: For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction.
Tạm dịch: Vì nếu không có giả thuyết, việc điều tra thêm sẽ thiếu mục đích và hướng đi.
Giải thích:
Trong đoạn cuối, tác giả ngụ ý chức năng chính của các giả thuyết là gì?
A. Truyền đạt suy nghĩ của nhà khoa học cho người khác.
B. Sàng lọc các dữ kiện đã biết.
C. Liên kết các lý thuyết khác nhau với nhau.
D. Đưa ra hướng nghiên cứu khoa học.
Thông tin: For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction.
Tạm dịch: Vì nếu không có giả thuyết, việc điều tra thêm sẽ thiếu mục đích và hướng đi.
Đáp án D.