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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 18 to 24.
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
In paragraph 3, most adult Australians call each other by their first names because
A. Calling each other by their first names make them more friendly
B. Australians get on well with each other
C. Australians restrict class discrimination
D. Australians are difficult to remember people's surnames
Sometimes work, study or a sense of adventure take us out of our familiar surroundings to go and live in a different culture. The experience can be difficult, even shocking. Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad has problems adjusting to a new culture. This response is commonly referred to as 'culture shock'. Culture shock can be defined as 'the physical and emotional discomfort a person experiences when entering a culture different from their own' (Weaver, 1993).
For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to culture shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves. Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believing there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.
Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.
Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.
Australian notions of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may resent someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.
(Adapted from Complete Ielts student book by Guy Brook Hurt and Vanessa Jakeman)
In paragraph 3, most adult Australians call each other by their first names because
A. Calling each other by their first names make them more friendly
B. Australians get on well with each other
C. Australians restrict class discrimination
D. Australians are difficult to remember people's surnames
Giải thích:
Trong đoạn 3, đa số người trưởng thành ở Úc gọi nhau bằng tên vì
A. việc gọi nhau bằng tên khiến họ thân thiện hơn
B. người Úc rất hòa hợp với nhau
C. người Úc hạn chế việc phân biệt giai cấp
D. người Úc khó nhớ họ của người khác
Thông tin: Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names.
(Người Úc không thoải mái với những khác biệt trong địa vị và do đó lý tưởng hóa quan điểm đối xử bình đẳng với mọi người. Một minh chứng cho điều này chính là đa số người Úc trưởng thành gọi nhau bằng tên.)
Trong đoạn 3, đa số người trưởng thành ở Úc gọi nhau bằng tên vì
A. việc gọi nhau bằng tên khiến họ thân thiện hơn
B. người Úc rất hòa hợp với nhau
C. người Úc hạn chế việc phân biệt giai cấp
D. người Úc khó nhớ họ của người khác
Thông tin: Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealise the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names.
(Người Úc không thoải mái với những khác biệt trong địa vị và do đó lý tưởng hóa quan điểm đối xử bình đẳng với mọi người. Một minh chứng cho điều này chính là đa số người Úc trưởng thành gọi nhau bằng tên.)
Đáp án C.