Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur". What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $ 66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT ___________
A. women were required to stay at home with their families.
B. women lacked ability to work in business.
C. women faced discrimination in business.
D. women were not trained in business.
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur". What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".
In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $ 66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT ___________
A. women were required to stay at home with their families.
B. women lacked ability to work in business.
C. women faced discrimination in business.
D. women were not trained in business.
Đáp án B: women lacked ability to work in business.
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc/Câu hỏi dạng phủ định
Giải thích chi tiết:
Tất cả những nhận định dưới đây đều được nhắc đến trong bài như một bất lợi cho phụ nữ trong giới kinh doanh TRỪ___________
A. Phụ nữ phải ở nhà để chăm sóc gia đình.
B. Phụ nữ không đủ năng lực để hoạt động kinh doanh.
C. Phụ nữ phải đối mặt với sự phân biệt (về giới) khi hoạt động kinh doanh.
D. Phụ nữ không được đào tạo về lĩnh vực kinh doanh.
Để làm đúng câu này, phải xác định được 3 thông tin đúng/được đề cập đến trong bài, và 1 thông tin không đúng không được nói đến trong bài. Thông tin không đúng không được nói đến trong bài là đáp án. Phương án A, C và D đều đúng vì các từ khóa như "families" (gia đình), "trained" (đào tạo) hay "discrimination" (sự phân biệt đối xử) đều hội tụ trong câu thứ 2 đoạn 1: "Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small." (Những đối xử phân biệt với phụ nữ trong kinh doanh, những đòi hỏi người phụ nữ phải chăm sóc cho gia đình và sự thiếu thốn đào tạo về kinh doanh đã khiến số lượng những nữ doanh nhân là rất ít.)
Như vậy, phương án cần lựa chọn là phương án B vì thông tin này không hề được nhắc đến trong bài.
Kỹ năng đọc hiểu: Tìm thông tin chi tiết trong bài đọc/Câu hỏi dạng phủ định
Giải thích chi tiết:
Tất cả những nhận định dưới đây đều được nhắc đến trong bài như một bất lợi cho phụ nữ trong giới kinh doanh TRỪ___________
A. Phụ nữ phải ở nhà để chăm sóc gia đình.
B. Phụ nữ không đủ năng lực để hoạt động kinh doanh.
C. Phụ nữ phải đối mặt với sự phân biệt (về giới) khi hoạt động kinh doanh.
D. Phụ nữ không được đào tạo về lĩnh vực kinh doanh.
Để làm đúng câu này, phải xác định được 3 thông tin đúng/được đề cập đến trong bài, và 1 thông tin không đúng không được nói đến trong bài. Thông tin không đúng không được nói đến trong bài là đáp án. Phương án A, C và D đều đúng vì các từ khóa như "families" (gia đình), "trained" (đào tạo) hay "discrimination" (sự phân biệt đối xử) đều hội tụ trong câu thứ 2 đoạn 1: "Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small." (Những đối xử phân biệt với phụ nữ trong kinh doanh, những đòi hỏi người phụ nữ phải chăm sóc cho gia đình và sự thiếu thốn đào tạo về kinh doanh đã khiến số lượng những nữ doanh nhân là rất ít.)
Như vậy, phương án cần lựa chọn là phương án B vì thông tin này không hề được nhắc đến trong bài.
Đáp án B.