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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, housing tens of thousands of marine species. With their hardened surfaces, corals are sometimes mistaken as being rocks. And, because they are attached, "taking root" to the seafloor, they are often mistaken for plants. However, unlike rocks, corals are alive. And unlike plants, corals do not make their own food. Corals are in fact animals. Appearing as solitary forms in the fossil record more than 400 million years ago, corals are extremely ancient animals that evolved into modern reef-building forms over the last 25 million years.
Coral reefs are the largest structures on earth of biological origin. Coral reefs are unique and complex systems. Rivaling old growth forests in longevity of their ecological communities, well-developed reefs reflect thousands of years of history.
Corals are ancient animals related to jellyfish and anemones. The branch or mound that we often call "a coral" is actually made up of thousands of tiny animals called polyps. A coral polyp is an invertebrate that can be no bigger than a pinhead to up to 30 centimeters (1 foot) in diameter. The polyps extend their tentacles at night to sting and ingest tiny organisms called plankton and other small creatures. Each polyp has a saclike body and a mouth that is encircled by stinging tentacles. The polyp uses calcium carbonate (limestone) from seawater to build a hard, cup-shaped skeleton. This skeleton protects the soft, delicate body of the polyp.
Reefs only occur in shallow areas that are reachable by sunlight because of the relationship between coral and algae. Various types of microscopic algae, known as Symbiodinium, live inside of the coral, providing them with food and helping them to grow faster.
There are over 2,500 kinds (species) of corals. About 1,000 are the hard corals that build coral reefs. Other corals are soft corals. Soft corals have skeletons that are flexible and can bend with the water. The three main types of coral reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and coral atolls. The most common type of reef is the fringing reef. This type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. They form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands. When a fringing reef continues to grow upward from a volcanic island that has sunk entirely below sea level, an atoll is formed. Atolls are usually circular or oval in shape, with an open lagoon in the center. Any reef that is called a barrier reef gets its name because its presence protects the shallow waters along the shore from the open sea. That protection promotes the survival of many types of sea plant and animal life.
(Adapted from http://justfunfacts.com)
According to the passage, the following are true about coral reefs, EXCEPT ____________.
A. Coral reefs are mistaken for rocks and plants because of their hardened surface and "roots".
B. Polyps are the composition of corals.
C. The skeleton of a polyp is created from calcium carbonate in seawater.
D. Corals absorb food in the sunlight using their tentacles.
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world, housing tens of thousands of marine species. With their hardened surfaces, corals are sometimes mistaken as being rocks. And, because they are attached, "taking root" to the seafloor, they are often mistaken for plants. However, unlike rocks, corals are alive. And unlike plants, corals do not make their own food. Corals are in fact animals. Appearing as solitary forms in the fossil record more than 400 million years ago, corals are extremely ancient animals that evolved into modern reef-building forms over the last 25 million years.
Coral reefs are the largest structures on earth of biological origin. Coral reefs are unique and complex systems. Rivaling old growth forests in longevity of their ecological communities, well-developed reefs reflect thousands of years of history.
Corals are ancient animals related to jellyfish and anemones. The branch or mound that we often call "a coral" is actually made up of thousands of tiny animals called polyps. A coral polyp is an invertebrate that can be no bigger than a pinhead to up to 30 centimeters (1 foot) in diameter. The polyps extend their tentacles at night to sting and ingest tiny organisms called plankton and other small creatures. Each polyp has a saclike body and a mouth that is encircled by stinging tentacles. The polyp uses calcium carbonate (limestone) from seawater to build a hard, cup-shaped skeleton. This skeleton protects the soft, delicate body of the polyp.
Reefs only occur in shallow areas that are reachable by sunlight because of the relationship between coral and algae. Various types of microscopic algae, known as Symbiodinium, live inside of the coral, providing them with food and helping them to grow faster.
There are over 2,500 kinds (species) of corals. About 1,000 are the hard corals that build coral reefs. Other corals are soft corals. Soft corals have skeletons that are flexible and can bend with the water. The three main types of coral reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and coral atolls. The most common type of reef is the fringing reef. This type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. They form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands. When a fringing reef continues to grow upward from a volcanic island that has sunk entirely below sea level, an atoll is formed. Atolls are usually circular or oval in shape, with an open lagoon in the center. Any reef that is called a barrier reef gets its name because its presence protects the shallow waters along the shore from the open sea. That protection promotes the survival of many types of sea plant and animal life.
(Adapted from http://justfunfacts.com)
According to the passage, the following are true about coral reefs, EXCEPT ____________.
A. Coral reefs are mistaken for rocks and plants because of their hardened surface and "roots".
B. Polyps are the composition of corals.
C. The skeleton of a polyp is created from calcium carbonate in seawater.
D. Corals absorb food in the sunlight using their tentacles.
Theo đoạn văn, các câu sau đây là đúng về dải san hô ngầm, ngoại trừ __________.
A. San hô thường bị nhầm lẫn với đá và thực vật vì bề ngoài thô cứng và "bộ rễ" của chúng.
B. Sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống là thành phần cấu tạo của san hô.
C. Bộ xương của sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống được tạo thành từ CaCO3 trong nước biển.
D. San hô hấp thụ thức ăn trong ánh sáng mặt trời nhờ các xúc tu.
Căn cứ vào các thông tin sau:
With their hardened surfaces, corals are sometimes mistaken as being rocks. And, because they are attached, "taking root" to the seafloor, they are often mistaken for plants. (Đoạn 1) (Với bề mặt thô cứng, san hô đôi khi bị nhầm lẫn với đá. Và bởi vị chúng dính chặt, "mọc rễ" xuống đáy biển, chúng thường bị nhầm là thực vật).
The branch or mound that we often call "a coral" is actually made up of thousands of tiny animals called polyps. (Đoạn 3) (Một nhánh hay một ụ mà chúng ta thường gọi là 1 san hô thực chất được tạo thành từ hàng ngàn sinh vật nhỏ xíu có tên là sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống).
The polyp uses calcium carbonate (limestone) from seawater to build a hard, cup-shaped skeleton. (Đoạn 3) (Sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống sử dụng CaCO3 (đá vôi) trong nước biển để tạo nên một bộ xương cứng hình chén).
The polyps extend their tentacles at night to sting and ingest tiny organisms called plankton and other small creatures. (Đoạn 3) (Các sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống mở rộng các xúc tu vào ban đêm để chích và tiêu thụ các sinh vật nhỏ xíu được gọi là sinh vật phù du và các sinh vật nhỏ khác).
A. San hô thường bị nhầm lẫn với đá và thực vật vì bề ngoài thô cứng và "bộ rễ" của chúng.
B. Sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống là thành phần cấu tạo của san hô.
C. Bộ xương của sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống được tạo thành từ CaCO3 trong nước biển.
D. San hô hấp thụ thức ăn trong ánh sáng mặt trời nhờ các xúc tu.
Căn cứ vào các thông tin sau:
With their hardened surfaces, corals are sometimes mistaken as being rocks. And, because they are attached, "taking root" to the seafloor, they are often mistaken for plants. (Đoạn 1) (Với bề mặt thô cứng, san hô đôi khi bị nhầm lẫn với đá. Và bởi vị chúng dính chặt, "mọc rễ" xuống đáy biển, chúng thường bị nhầm là thực vật).
The branch or mound that we often call "a coral" is actually made up of thousands of tiny animals called polyps. (Đoạn 3) (Một nhánh hay một ụ mà chúng ta thường gọi là 1 san hô thực chất được tạo thành từ hàng ngàn sinh vật nhỏ xíu có tên là sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống).
The polyp uses calcium carbonate (limestone) from seawater to build a hard, cup-shaped skeleton. (Đoạn 3) (Sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống sử dụng CaCO3 (đá vôi) trong nước biển để tạo nên một bộ xương cứng hình chén).
The polyps extend their tentacles at night to sting and ingest tiny organisms called plankton and other small creatures. (Đoạn 3) (Các sinh vật đơn bào dạng ống mở rộng các xúc tu vào ban đêm để chích và tiêu thụ các sinh vật nhỏ xíu được gọi là sinh vật phù du và các sinh vật nhỏ khác).
Đáp án D.