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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitation field, as in the case of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules: liquidons and gasons. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both flow readily. They are fluids.
The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.
According to the passage, the difference between a liquid and a gas under normal conditions on Earth is that the liquid__________.
A. is affected by changes in pressure
B. has a permanent structure
C. forms a free surface
D. is considerably more common
The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitation field, as in the case of a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories describing the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different kinds of molecules: liquidons and gasons. The theories now prevailing take a quite different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both flow readily. They are fluids.
The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands, or in other words becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at which the densities become equal is called the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.
According to the passage, the difference between a liquid and a gas under normal conditions on Earth is that the liquid__________.
A. is affected by changes in pressure
B. has a permanent structure
C. forms a free surface
D. is considerably more common
Dịch nghĩa câu hỏi: Theo như đoạn văn, sự khác biệt giữa một chất lỏng và một chất khí trong điều kiện bình thường trên bề mặt Trái Đất là chất lỏng_____________.
A. bị ảnh hưởng bởi những thay đổi của áp suất
B. có cấu trúc vĩnh cửu
C. hình thành một bề mặt tự do
D. phổ biến hơn một cách đáng kể
Giải thích: Thông tin có ở câu thứ hai và thứ ba ở đoạn đầu tiên: A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitation field, as in the case of a planet's atmosphere.
A. bị ảnh hưởng bởi những thay đổi của áp suất
B. có cấu trúc vĩnh cửu
C. hình thành một bề mặt tự do
D. phổ biến hơn một cách đáng kể
Giải thích: Thông tin có ở câu thứ hai và thứ ba ở đoạn đầu tiên: A liquid can be kept in an open container and fills it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but tends to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container or held by a gravitation field, as in the case of a planet's atmosphere.
Đáp án C.