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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 43.
Two-thirds of people in the world will be living in cities by 2050 and the boom will be concentrated in India, China and Nigeria, according to United Nations estimates released on Wednesday. The world's rural population will peak in a few years then decline by 2050, according to the report by the UN's population division.
Tokyo is currently the world's largest city with 37 million people, followed by Delhi with 29 million, Shanghai with 26 million, and Mexico City and São Paulo, each with around 22 million inhabitants. Cairo, Mumbai, Beijing and Dhaka all have close to 20 million inhabitants. However, Delhi will overtake Tokyo in top spot by around 2028, the report said. At about the same time, India is expected to surpass China as the country with the world's largest total population.
Around 55% of the world population lives in urban areas today, increasing to 68% by 2050. India, China and Nigeria will account for more than a third of that expansion. There will also be more megacities. In 1990, there were just 10 megacities, classed as places with populations of 10 million or more. There are now 33 megacities and by 2030, 43 megacities are projected, mostly in developing countries.
However, a few cities in Japan and South Korea – for example, Nagasaki and Busan – have experienced population decline since 2000. Several cities in Eastern Europe, such as in Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, have lost population since the turn of the century. However, urbanization could be seen as positive, said John Wilmoth, director of the population division. "The increasing concentration of people in cities provides a way of more economically providing services," he said. "We find that urban populations have better access to health care and education." The concentration of population may also help to minimize our environmental impact on the planet, he said, and help cities design policies and practices to prepare for the influx.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/)
According to the passage, some cities of the following countries have seen the downward trend in population, EXCEPT __________.
A. Japan
B. South Korea
C. Russia
D. India
Two-thirds of people in the world will be living in cities by 2050 and the boom will be concentrated in India, China and Nigeria, according to United Nations estimates released on Wednesday. The world's rural population will peak in a few years then decline by 2050, according to the report by the UN's population division.
Tokyo is currently the world's largest city with 37 million people, followed by Delhi with 29 million, Shanghai with 26 million, and Mexico City and São Paulo, each with around 22 million inhabitants. Cairo, Mumbai, Beijing and Dhaka all have close to 20 million inhabitants. However, Delhi will overtake Tokyo in top spot by around 2028, the report said. At about the same time, India is expected to surpass China as the country with the world's largest total population.
Around 55% of the world population lives in urban areas today, increasing to 68% by 2050. India, China and Nigeria will account for more than a third of that expansion. There will also be more megacities. In 1990, there were just 10 megacities, classed as places with populations of 10 million or more. There are now 33 megacities and by 2030, 43 megacities are projected, mostly in developing countries.
However, a few cities in Japan and South Korea – for example, Nagasaki and Busan – have experienced population decline since 2000. Several cities in Eastern Europe, such as in Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, have lost population since the turn of the century. However, urbanization could be seen as positive, said John Wilmoth, director of the population division. "The increasing concentration of people in cities provides a way of more economically providing services," he said. "We find that urban populations have better access to health care and education." The concentration of population may also help to minimize our environmental impact on the planet, he said, and help cities design policies and practices to prepare for the influx.
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/)
According to the passage, some cities of the following countries have seen the downward trend in population, EXCEPT __________.
A. Japan
B. South Korea
C. Russia
D. India
Theo đoạn văn, một số thành phố của các quốc gia sau đã chứng kiến xu hướng giảm dân số, NGOẠI TRỪ __________.
A. Nhật Bản
B. Hàn Quốc
C. Nga
D. Ấn Độ
=> Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:
"However, a few cities in Japan and South Korea – for example, Nagasaki and Busan – have experienced population decline since 2000. Several cities in Eastern Europe, such as in Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, have lost population since the turn of the century."
(Tuy nhiên, một số thành phố ở Nhật Bản và Hàn Quốc - ví dụ như Nagasaki và Busan - đã bị sụt giảm dân số kể từ năm 2000. Một số thành phố ở Đông Âu, chẳng hạn như ở Ba Lan, Romania, Nga và Ukraine, đã mất dân số kể từ khi bước sang thế kỷ mới)
=> Bằng phương pháp loại trừ, ta chọn D.
*Note: The turn of the century: thời điểm khi một thế kỷ cụ thể kết thúc và một thế kỷ khác bắt đầu
A. Nhật Bản
B. Hàn Quốc
C. Nga
D. Ấn Độ
=> Căn cứ vào thông tin sau:
"However, a few cities in Japan and South Korea – for example, Nagasaki and Busan – have experienced population decline since 2000. Several cities in Eastern Europe, such as in Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine, have lost population since the turn of the century."
(Tuy nhiên, một số thành phố ở Nhật Bản và Hàn Quốc - ví dụ như Nagasaki và Busan - đã bị sụt giảm dân số kể từ năm 2000. Một số thành phố ở Đông Âu, chẳng hạn như ở Ba Lan, Romania, Nga và Ukraine, đã mất dân số kể từ khi bước sang thế kỷ mới)
=> Bằng phương pháp loại trừ, ta chọn D.
*Note: The turn of the century: thời điểm khi một thế kỷ cụ thể kết thúc và một thế kỷ khác bắt đầu
Đáp án D.