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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
A. people do not follow strict hygienic practices like washing hands before meals.
B. densely populated areas make it difficult for health workers to control the situation.
C. greater employment prospects make people travel more often.
D. much of the expansion is taking place in poor and crowded areas.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on the climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
Adapted from https://www.zwich.com
According to paragraph 4, urban expansion facilitates the spread of disease because________.A. people do not follow strict hygienic practices like washing hands before meals.
B. densely populated areas make it difficult for health workers to control the situation.
C. greater employment prospects make people travel more often.
D. much of the expansion is taking place in poor and crowded areas.
Theo đoạn 4, mở rộng đô thị tạo điều kiện cho sự lây lan của dịch bệnh bởi vì________.
A. mọi người không tuân theo các biện pháp vệ sinh nghiêm ngặt như rửa tay trước bữa ăn
B. khu vực đông dân cư khiến cán bộ y tế khó kiểm soát tình hình
C. triển vọng việc làm lớn hơn khiến mọi người đi du lịch thường xuyên hơn
D. phần lớn việc mở rộng đang diễn ra ở các khu vực nghèo và đông đúc
Thông tin:
+ Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
(Các ước tính cho thấy 40% quá trình mở rộng đô thị trên thế giới đang diễn ra trong các khu ổ chuột, làm trầm trọng thêm sự chênh lệch về kinh tế xã hội và tạo ra các điều kiện mất vệ sinh làm cho dịch bệnh lây lan.)
A. mọi người không tuân theo các biện pháp vệ sinh nghiêm ngặt như rửa tay trước bữa ăn
B. khu vực đông dân cư khiến cán bộ y tế khó kiểm soát tình hình
C. triển vọng việc làm lớn hơn khiến mọi người đi du lịch thường xuyên hơn
D. phần lớn việc mở rộng đang diễn ra ở các khu vực nghèo và đông đúc
Thông tin:
+ Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
(Các ước tính cho thấy 40% quá trình mở rộng đô thị trên thế giới đang diễn ra trong các khu ổ chuột, làm trầm trọng thêm sự chênh lệch về kinh tế xã hội và tạo ra các điều kiện mất vệ sinh làm cho dịch bệnh lây lan.)
Đáp án D.