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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 45.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. This article will discuss and present data on the implications of urbanization on the physical health of humans living in these large urban areas.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations' health is people's change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
A. The population of cities now more than doubles that in the past.
B. Most of the new urban areas' populations are the emigrants from remote places.
C. Because of urbanization, more immigrants find their ways to new urban areas.
D. This is a developed country in the past 30-40 years.
Many people see large urban cities as a wonder of human imagination and creativity. They represent how far the human population has come in terms of community development. Many positive things come from urbanization, but there are also negatives. This article will discuss and present data on the implications of urbanization on the physical health of humans living in these large urban areas.
As it would be expected, developing countries tend to see more negative physical health effects than modern countries in regard to urbanization. One example of a developing country experiencing these problems is China. China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. This industrialization has in effect caused the need for more centralized cities, centralized meaning having lots of jobs and living spaces within a close proximity. This is what is known as urbanization. In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. One very common and fairly obvious negative aspect of highly congested urban areas is air pollution. Air pollution is defined as any harmful substance being suspended in the air. This could include particulate matter, most commonly attributed to industrial plants and refineries waste, or chemicals like CO2 or Methane (which are also products of plants and refineries as well as cars and other modes of transportation). Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer). When exposed to these conditions for a prolonged period of time, one can experience even more detrimental health effects like: the acceleration of aging, loss of lung capacity and health, being more susceptible to respiratory diseases, and a shortened life span.
Another way that urbanization affects the populations' health is people's change in diet. For instance, urban cities tend to have lots of accessible, quick, and easy to get food. This food is also more than likely not as high quality as well as contains a large amount of sodium and sugar. Because this food is so accessible, people tend to eat it more. This increase in consumption of low quality food can then lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, or many other health conditions.
(Adapted from https://medium.com)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is TRUE about China?A. The population of cities now more than doubles that in the past.
B. Most of the new urban areas' populations are the emigrants from remote places.
C. Because of urbanization, more immigrants find their ways to new urban areas.
D. This is a developed country in the past 30-40 years.
Giải thích:
Theo đoạn 2, điều nào sau đây là đúng khi nói về Trung Quốc?
A. Hiện nay dân số ở các thành phố đã tăng hơn gấp đôi so với trong quá khứ.
B. Đa số dân cư ở các khu đô thị mới là người nhập cư từ các vùng lân cận.
C. Do đô thị hóa, nhiều người nhập cư tìm đường đến các khu đô thị mới hơn.
D. Nó là một quốc gia đã phát triển trong 30-40 năm trước.
Thông tin:
+ In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. (Trên thực tế, số lượng thành phố có hơn 500,000 người đã tăng lên gấp đôi.)
→ A sai
+ These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. (Những cuộc di cư này thường do những người từ các khu vực nông thôn của Trung Quốc di chuyển đến các khu đô thị mới. Do lượng dân cư đô thị tăng nhanh, những người này có nguy cơ gặp phải những thách thức về vấn đề sức khỏe.)
→ B sai
+ In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. (Trong hầu hết những thập kỷ gần đây, kể từ sự thay đổi của Trung Quốc khi trở thành một nền kinh tế dựa vào sản xuất công nghiệp hơn, nước này đã ghi nhận số lượng người di cư trong biên giới cao kỷ lục.)
→ C đúng
+ China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. (Trung Quốc là một đất nước mà 30-40 năm trước đây đã vươn lên từ một xã hội dựa vào nông nghiệp thành một nước công nghiệp đáng gờm.)
→ D sai.
Theo đoạn 2, điều nào sau đây là đúng khi nói về Trung Quốc?
A. Hiện nay dân số ở các thành phố đã tăng hơn gấp đôi so với trong quá khứ.
B. Đa số dân cư ở các khu đô thị mới là người nhập cư từ các vùng lân cận.
C. Do đô thị hóa, nhiều người nhập cư tìm đường đến các khu đô thị mới hơn.
D. Nó là một quốc gia đã phát triển trong 30-40 năm trước.
Thông tin:
+ In effect, the number of cities with over 500,000 people has more than doubled. (Trên thực tế, số lượng thành phố có hơn 500,000 người đã tăng lên gấp đôi.)
→ A sai
+ These migrations are typically of people from rural areas of China moving to the new urban areas. Due to this large influx in the urban population, there are many possibilities for health challenges among these people. (Những cuộc di cư này thường do những người từ các khu vực nông thôn của Trung Quốc di chuyển đến các khu đô thị mới. Do lượng dân cư đô thị tăng nhanh, những người này có nguy cơ gặp phải những thách thức về vấn đề sức khỏe.)
→ B sai
+ In most recent decades, since China's change to being more of an industrial based economy, the country has experienced record high numbers of people migrating within its borders. (Trong hầu hết những thập kỷ gần đây, kể từ sự thay đổi của Trung Quốc khi trở thành một nền kinh tế dựa vào sản xuất công nghiệp hơn, nước này đã ghi nhận số lượng người di cư trong biên giới cao kỷ lục.)
→ C đúng
+ China is a country that in the past 30-40 years went from being an agrarian based society to a significant industrialized country. (Trung Quốc là một đất nước mà 30-40 năm trước đây đã vươn lên từ một xã hội dựa vào nông nghiệp thành một nước công nghiệp đáng gờm.)
→ D sai.
Đáp án C.