Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.
Though gambling is typically associated with casino games, strategic sports betting is rapidly gaining in popularity – and that's a whole other ball game, Prof. Dannon explains. "Sports gamblers seem to believe themselves the cleverest of all gamblers. They think that with experience and knowledge – such as player's statistics, manager's habits, weather conditions, and stadium capacity – they can predict the outcome of a game better than the average person."
But in a study published in the journal Psychopathology, Prof. Dannon and Dr. Ronen Huberfeld of the Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center determined that neither betting experience nor knowledge of the arcane details of the game is connected to successful betting outcomes. Indeed, he says, the two most successful gamblers in their study had no prior experience in gambling or knowledge of the sport in question. This should inform how psychologists approach sports gamblers, who need to be treated using different methods than their casino-addicted counterparts. For their study, the researchers focused on the field of soccer betting, one of the most popular and growing forms of sports gambling. They recruited three groups of participants, including 53 professional sports gamblers, 34 soccer fans who were knowledgeable about the sport but had never gambled, and finally, 78 non-gamblers with no prior knowledge of soccer at all. All participants were asked to place bets on the final scores of the 16 second-round matches of the Champion's League, organized by the Union of European Football Associations. This model mimics how gamblers actually put their money on the games, where they need to bet on exact scores to win.
Although those who had prior knowledge of soccer were expected to have a higher success rate, the researchers discovered that, in fact, their success rate was no better than those of the other two groups. Interestingly, the two participants with the most successful record, correctly betting on seven out of the 16 games each, hailed from the group with no prior understanding of the sport.
This doesn't indicate that there is an advantage to inexperience, says Prof. Dannon – many others in the third group were unable to predict any of the results correctly. But the outcome exposes the myth of knowledge as a powerful betting advantage. The sense of control that encourages sports gamblers in their betting is just an illusion.
(Source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/)
According to paragraph 2, what element can help sport gamblers win their bet?
A. Real-time digital wagering has created betting opportunities that don't rely on the score.
B. Their inexperience coupling with ignorance could easily bring a lucky or miraculous result.
C. The trick is that the prediction made on first hunch is always better than the second thought.
D. There is no actual connection between winning a bet and any concrete betting pattern.
Though gambling is typically associated with casino games, strategic sports betting is rapidly gaining in popularity – and that's a whole other ball game, Prof. Dannon explains. "Sports gamblers seem to believe themselves the cleverest of all gamblers. They think that with experience and knowledge – such as player's statistics, manager's habits, weather conditions, and stadium capacity – they can predict the outcome of a game better than the average person."
But in a study published in the journal Psychopathology, Prof. Dannon and Dr. Ronen Huberfeld of the Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center determined that neither betting experience nor knowledge of the arcane details of the game is connected to successful betting outcomes. Indeed, he says, the two most successful gamblers in their study had no prior experience in gambling or knowledge of the sport in question. This should inform how psychologists approach sports gamblers, who need to be treated using different methods than their casino-addicted counterparts. For their study, the researchers focused on the field of soccer betting, one of the most popular and growing forms of sports gambling. They recruited three groups of participants, including 53 professional sports gamblers, 34 soccer fans who were knowledgeable about the sport but had never gambled, and finally, 78 non-gamblers with no prior knowledge of soccer at all. All participants were asked to place bets on the final scores of the 16 second-round matches of the Champion's League, organized by the Union of European Football Associations. This model mimics how gamblers actually put their money on the games, where they need to bet on exact scores to win.
Although those who had prior knowledge of soccer were expected to have a higher success rate, the researchers discovered that, in fact, their success rate was no better than those of the other two groups. Interestingly, the two participants with the most successful record, correctly betting on seven out of the 16 games each, hailed from the group with no prior understanding of the sport.
This doesn't indicate that there is an advantage to inexperience, says Prof. Dannon – many others in the third group were unable to predict any of the results correctly. But the outcome exposes the myth of knowledge as a powerful betting advantage. The sense of control that encourages sports gamblers in their betting is just an illusion.
(Source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/)
According to paragraph 2, what element can help sport gamblers win their bet?
A. Real-time digital wagering has created betting opportunities that don't rely on the score.
B. Their inexperience coupling with ignorance could easily bring a lucky or miraculous result.
C. The trick is that the prediction made on first hunch is always better than the second thought.
D. There is no actual connection between winning a bet and any concrete betting pattern.
Theo đoạn 2, yếu tố nào có thể giúp các con bạc thể thao thắng cược?
A. Đặt cược kỹ thuật số theo thời gian thực đã tạo ra các cơ hội cá cược, cái mà không dựa vào điểm số
B. Sự thiếu kinh nghiệm của họ kết hợp với sự thiếu hiểu biết có thể dễ dàng mang lại một kết quả may mắn hoặc kỳ diệu
C. Bí quyết là dự đoán được thực hiện trên linh cảm thứ nhất luôn đúng hơn suy nghĩ thứ hai
D. Không có mối liên hệ thực tế nào giữa việc thắng cược và bất kỳ mô hình cá cược cụ thể nào
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn hai:
But in a study published in the journal Psychopathology, Prof. Dannon and Dr. Ronen Huberfeld of the Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center determined that neither betting experience nor knowledge of the arcane details of the game is connected to successful betting outcomes. (Nhưng trong một nghiên cứu được công bố trên tạp chí Tâm lý học, giáo sư Dannon và tiến sĩ Ronen Huberfeld của trung tâm Sức khỏe Tâm thần Bia Yaakov xác định rằng không có kinh nghiệm cá cược cũng không kiến thức về các chi tiết phức tạp của trò chơi được kết nối với kết quả cá cược thành công.)
A. Đặt cược kỹ thuật số theo thời gian thực đã tạo ra các cơ hội cá cược, cái mà không dựa vào điểm số
B. Sự thiếu kinh nghiệm của họ kết hợp với sự thiếu hiểu biết có thể dễ dàng mang lại một kết quả may mắn hoặc kỳ diệu
C. Bí quyết là dự đoán được thực hiện trên linh cảm thứ nhất luôn đúng hơn suy nghĩ thứ hai
D. Không có mối liên hệ thực tế nào giữa việc thắng cược và bất kỳ mô hình cá cược cụ thể nào
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn hai:
But in a study published in the journal Psychopathology, Prof. Dannon and Dr. Ronen Huberfeld of the Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center determined that neither betting experience nor knowledge of the arcane details of the game is connected to successful betting outcomes. (Nhưng trong một nghiên cứu được công bố trên tạp chí Tâm lý học, giáo sư Dannon và tiến sĩ Ronen Huberfeld của trung tâm Sức khỏe Tâm thần Bia Yaakov xác định rằng không có kinh nghiệm cá cược cũng không kiến thức về các chi tiết phức tạp của trò chơi được kết nối với kết quả cá cược thành công.)
Đáp án D.