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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The concept of being environmentally conscious, or "green", has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S culture. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non- toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. However, one way of being "green" that is perhaps not as apparent to the viewer but of equal importance in being environmentally conscious, is the construction of buildings that are considered "sustainable". Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources. There are four main principles of sustainability, which includes consideration of the health and stability of all living things and their environmental diversity, as well as the economic opportunities of humanity.
Sustainable architecture consists of environmentally conscious design techniques. In the past, the demolition of an old building meant that all or most of the debris of the building would end up in a landfill or a waste disposal site. Today, architects can plan and design a building that uses recycled materials, such as wood, concrete, stone, or metal. These materials are salvaged from the demolition of an older building and can be appropriately incorporated into a new construction. Architects and construction supervisors may also choose to recycle more organic parts of demolished buildings, such as wooden doors, windows and other glass, ceramics, paper, and textiles.
A problem that has often arisen has been with how a site crew-whether it is demolition or
construction crew determines and sorts what is "waste" and what is recyclable. Architects and environmental scientists have to decide whether or not a material is appropriate for use in new construction and how it will impact the environment. They must evaluate the materials from the demolition and determine what those materials contain, and if they meet the standards set by the U.S, government's Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA). If the debris from the demolition contains hazardous materials that are harmful to the environment or to the consumer, such as asbestos, then the material is not salvageable. Use of the asbestos for insulation and as a form of fire retardation in buildings and fabrics was common in the nineteenth century. Asbestos was once used in shingles on the sides of buildings, as well as in the insulation in the interior walls of homes or other construction. In new "green" construction, insulation that once asbestos- based can be replaced with recycled denim or constructed with cellulose-a fibrous material found in paper products. The same-assessment applies to wood or wallboard painted with toxic lead-based paints. In addition, gas-flow regulators and meters on both water and gas heating systems constructed prior to 1961 must be carefully evaluated to determine that they do not contain dangerous substances such as mercury. Mercury can be harmful to humans and the environment if it is spilled during the removal of these devices.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true?
A. All construction follows the concept of sustainable architecture.
B. Sustainable buildings do not overuse electricity, oil, or gas.
C. Todays cleaning products and appliances harm the environment.
D. Construction of "green" buildings is an old idea.
The concept of being environmentally conscious, or "green", has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S culture. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non- toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. However, one way of being "green" that is perhaps not as apparent to the viewer but of equal importance in being environmentally conscious, is the construction of buildings that are considered "sustainable". Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources. There are four main principles of sustainability, which includes consideration of the health and stability of all living things and their environmental diversity, as well as the economic opportunities of humanity.
Sustainable architecture consists of environmentally conscious design techniques. In the past, the demolition of an old building meant that all or most of the debris of the building would end up in a landfill or a waste disposal site. Today, architects can plan and design a building that uses recycled materials, such as wood, concrete, stone, or metal. These materials are salvaged from the demolition of an older building and can be appropriately incorporated into a new construction. Architects and construction supervisors may also choose to recycle more organic parts of demolished buildings, such as wooden doors, windows and other glass, ceramics, paper, and textiles.
A problem that has often arisen has been with how a site crew-whether it is demolition or
construction crew determines and sorts what is "waste" and what is recyclable. Architects and environmental scientists have to decide whether or not a material is appropriate for use in new construction and how it will impact the environment. They must evaluate the materials from the demolition and determine what those materials contain, and if they meet the standards set by the U.S, government's Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA). If the debris from the demolition contains hazardous materials that are harmful to the environment or to the consumer, such as asbestos, then the material is not salvageable. Use of the asbestos for insulation and as a form of fire retardation in buildings and fabrics was common in the nineteenth century. Asbestos was once used in shingles on the sides of buildings, as well as in the insulation in the interior walls of homes or other construction. In new "green" construction, insulation that once asbestos- based can be replaced with recycled denim or constructed with cellulose-a fibrous material found in paper products. The same-assessment applies to wood or wallboard painted with toxic lead-based paints. In addition, gas-flow regulators and meters on both water and gas heating systems constructed prior to 1961 must be carefully evaluated to determine that they do not contain dangerous substances such as mercury. Mercury can be harmful to humans and the environment if it is spilled during the removal of these devices.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true?
A. All construction follows the concept of sustainable architecture.
B. Sustainable buildings do not overuse electricity, oil, or gas.
C. Todays cleaning products and appliances harm the environment.
D. Construction of "green" buildings is an old idea.
Dịch đề: Theo đoạn 1, ý nào dưới đây thì đúng?
A. Tất cả các công trình xây dựng theo quan niệm về kiến trúc bền vững.
B. Các tòa nhà bền vững không lạm dụng điện, dầu hoặc khí đốt.
C. Ngày nay, các sản phẩm và thiết bị làm sạch làm hại môi trường.
D. Xây dựng các công trình xanh là một ý tưởng cũ.
1. The concept of being environmentally conscious, or "green", has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S culture - Quan niệm vể ý thức về bảo vệ môi trường hay còn gọi là "sống xanh" ngày càng trở nên phổ biến hơn trong văn hóa Hoa Kỳ thế kỷ hai mốt. → Việc xây dựng các công trình xanh nằm trong quan niệm về ý thức bảo vệ môi trường xanh sạch phổ biến ở thế kỷ 21, thời gian ở hiện tại nên không thể nói nó là một ý tưởng cũ. → Thông tin không ủng hộ D
2. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non- toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. - Nó đã bắt đầu ảnh hưởng đến việc sản xuất mọi thứ từ các sản phẩm tẩy rửa gia dụng không độc hại đến những chiếc xe cơ giới được chạy bằng các nguồn năng lượng thay thế → Quan niệm này ảnh hưởng đến việc sản xuất mọi thứ từ các sản phẩm làm sạch/ tẩy rửa gia dụng, không có nghĩa là các sản phẩm này làm hại môi trường → Thông tin không ủng hộ C.
3. Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources - Các tòa nhà bền vững là những tòa nhà không đặt áp lực lên môi trường hoặc dựa vào việc sử dụng quá mức năng lượng hoặc tài nguyên thiên nhiên, → Ngụ ý rằng các tòa nhà bền vững không lạm dụng điện, dầu hoặc khí đốt vì dầu, điện và khí đốt cũng là các nguồn năng lượng hoặc tài nguyên thiên nhiên.
Phương án A không được nói đến trong bài là "Tất cả" các công trình xây dựng theo quan niệm về kiến trúc bền vững. → Loại A
Do vậy ta chọn được đáp án B
A. Tất cả các công trình xây dựng theo quan niệm về kiến trúc bền vững.
B. Các tòa nhà bền vững không lạm dụng điện, dầu hoặc khí đốt.
C. Ngày nay, các sản phẩm và thiết bị làm sạch làm hại môi trường.
D. Xây dựng các công trình xanh là một ý tưởng cũ.
1. The concept of being environmentally conscious, or "green", has become more prevalent in twenty first-century U.S culture - Quan niệm vể ý thức về bảo vệ môi trường hay còn gọi là "sống xanh" ngày càng trở nên phổ biến hơn trong văn hóa Hoa Kỳ thế kỷ hai mốt. → Việc xây dựng các công trình xanh nằm trong quan niệm về ý thức bảo vệ môi trường xanh sạch phổ biến ở thế kỷ 21, thời gian ở hiện tại nên không thể nói nó là một ý tưởng cũ. → Thông tin không ủng hộ D
2. It has begun to affect the manufacturing of everything from non- toxic household cleaning products to motor vehicles powered by alternative sources of energy. - Nó đã bắt đầu ảnh hưởng đến việc sản xuất mọi thứ từ các sản phẩm tẩy rửa gia dụng không độc hại đến những chiếc xe cơ giới được chạy bằng các nguồn năng lượng thay thế → Quan niệm này ảnh hưởng đến việc sản xuất mọi thứ từ các sản phẩm làm sạch/ tẩy rửa gia dụng, không có nghĩa là các sản phẩm này làm hại môi trường → Thông tin không ủng hộ C.
3. Sustainable buildings are those that do not impose on the environment or rely on the over-utilization of energy or natural resources - Các tòa nhà bền vững là những tòa nhà không đặt áp lực lên môi trường hoặc dựa vào việc sử dụng quá mức năng lượng hoặc tài nguyên thiên nhiên, → Ngụ ý rằng các tòa nhà bền vững không lạm dụng điện, dầu hoặc khí đốt vì dầu, điện và khí đốt cũng là các nguồn năng lượng hoặc tài nguyên thiên nhiên.
Phương án A không được nói đến trong bài là "Tất cả" các công trình xây dựng theo quan niệm về kiến trúc bền vững. → Loại A
Do vậy ta chọn được đáp án B
Đáp án B.