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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 37.
birthday party come to mind, or of a long-ago family vacation. Now think about how old you were when the event occurred. Chances are that those early memories extend no further back than your third birthday. And
although conversations with family members or photo albums may trigger more, the fact is that you can probably only come up with a handful of memories from between the ages of three and seven.
Anything earlier than about 3.5 years is, for most people, a blank slate. Most of us have what the psychologist Sigmund Freud first called childhood amnesia - an inability to remember our earliest childhood
experiences. Or do we?
As science continues to reveal more and more about the mysteries of the brain, the question of just how far
back we truly can remember and how those memories affect us as adults is coming into the spotlight. Every emotionally meaningful experience-whether joyous or painful-is stored in memory and seems to have a lasting impact. The way our world feels to us as babies influences our developing personality, emotions, and relationships for the long term.
Aside from the childhood stories we can remember, there are many different kinds of "memory." And we probably "remember" a lot more than we realize. For example, we all know the terms short-term memory and long-term memory. But have you heard the terms explicit memory and implicit memory?
Explicit memory is the kind of memory that is conscious and gives us the ability to tell a story that makes sense of what happened. This type of memory only develops fully in most people around the age of three.
Implicit memory is available in our brain from birth, or possibly even earlier. Implicit memory is unconscious. So, while we may not remember the events of those earliest memories they have left a lasting impression on our thinking, feeling, and behavior.
Because of the ability our brain has to store and hold information from an extremely early age, psychologists today are stressing more and more the importance of creating positive early childhood memories. While a child may not “remember" images from infancy, psychologists agree that the images stick with us and form the basis of many of our future feelings and opinions.
Just as we might not remember learning to walk, even though our legs and feet seemed to do this perfectly now, some of our most important lessons in human relations were learned at a time that our bodies, but not our minds, can remember.
In the last paragraph, the author uses learning to walk as an example of _________
A. something that had to be consciously learned.
B. a past experience that we probably remember.
C. a past positive experience.
D. a past experience we may not remember but that affects us now.
EARLIEST MEMORIES
How far back can you remember? Really think about it. What is your earliest memory? Perhaps images of abirthday party come to mind, or of a long-ago family vacation. Now think about how old you were when the event occurred. Chances are that those early memories extend no further back than your third birthday. And
although conversations with family members or photo albums may trigger more, the fact is that you can probably only come up with a handful of memories from between the ages of three and seven.
Anything earlier than about 3.5 years is, for most people, a blank slate. Most of us have what the psychologist Sigmund Freud first called childhood amnesia - an inability to remember our earliest childhood
experiences. Or do we?
As science continues to reveal more and more about the mysteries of the brain, the question of just how far
back we truly can remember and how those memories affect us as adults is coming into the spotlight. Every emotionally meaningful experience-whether joyous or painful-is stored in memory and seems to have a lasting impact. The way our world feels to us as babies influences our developing personality, emotions, and relationships for the long term.
Aside from the childhood stories we can remember, there are many different kinds of "memory." And we probably "remember" a lot more than we realize. For example, we all know the terms short-term memory and long-term memory. But have you heard the terms explicit memory and implicit memory?
Explicit memory is the kind of memory that is conscious and gives us the ability to tell a story that makes sense of what happened. This type of memory only develops fully in most people around the age of three.
Implicit memory is available in our brain from birth, or possibly even earlier. Implicit memory is unconscious. So, while we may not remember the events of those earliest memories they have left a lasting impression on our thinking, feeling, and behavior.
Because of the ability our brain has to store and hold information from an extremely early age, psychologists today are stressing more and more the importance of creating positive early childhood memories. While a child may not “remember" images from infancy, psychologists agree that the images stick with us and form the basis of many of our future feelings and opinions.
Just as we might not remember learning to walk, even though our legs and feet seemed to do this perfectly now, some of our most important lessons in human relations were learned at a time that our bodies, but not our minds, can remember.
In the last paragraph, the author uses learning to walk as an example of _________
A. something that had to be consciously learned.
B. a past experience that we probably remember.
C. a past positive experience.
D. a past experience we may not remember but that affects us now.
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Trong đoạn cuối, tác giả sử dụng việc học cách đi bộ như một ví dụ về _________
A. điều gì đó phải được học một cách có ý thức.
B. một trải nghiệm trong quá khứ mà chúng ta có thể nhớ.
C. một trải nghiệm tích cực trong quá khứ.
D. một trải nghiệm trong quá khứ mà chúng ta có thể không nhớ nhưng điều đó ảnh hưởng đến chúng ta bây
giờ.
Thông tin: - While a child may not “remember” images from infancy, psychologists agree that the images stick with us and form the basis of many of our future feelings and opinions.
- Just as we might not remember learning to walk, even though our legs and feet seemed to do this perfectly now, some of our most important lessons in human relations were learned at a time that our bodies, but not our minds, can remember.
Tạm dịch: - Trong khi một đứa trẻ có thể không “nhớ” những hình ảnh từ khi còn thơ bé, thì các nhà tâm lý học đồng ý rằng những hình ảnh đó gắn bó với chúng ta và định hình nền tảng của nhiều cảm xúc và quan điểm trong tương lai của chúng ta.
- Cũng giống như chúng ta có thể không nhớ việc học cách đi, mặc dù chân và bàn chân của chúng ta dường như đã hoàn toàn làm được việc này bây giờ, một số bài học quan trọng nhất của chúng ta trong quan hệ giữa người với người đã được học vào thời điểm mà cơ thể chúng ta có thể nhớ được, chứ không phải trí óc.
Giải thích:
Trong đoạn cuối, tác giả sử dụng việc học cách đi bộ như một ví dụ về _________
A. điều gì đó phải được học một cách có ý thức.
B. một trải nghiệm trong quá khứ mà chúng ta có thể nhớ.
C. một trải nghiệm tích cực trong quá khứ.
D. một trải nghiệm trong quá khứ mà chúng ta có thể không nhớ nhưng điều đó ảnh hưởng đến chúng ta bây
giờ.
Thông tin: - While a child may not “remember” images from infancy, psychologists agree that the images stick with us and form the basis of many of our future feelings and opinions.
- Just as we might not remember learning to walk, even though our legs and feet seemed to do this perfectly now, some of our most important lessons in human relations were learned at a time that our bodies, but not our minds, can remember.
Tạm dịch: - Trong khi một đứa trẻ có thể không “nhớ” những hình ảnh từ khi còn thơ bé, thì các nhà tâm lý học đồng ý rằng những hình ảnh đó gắn bó với chúng ta và định hình nền tảng của nhiều cảm xúc và quan điểm trong tương lai của chúng ta.
- Cũng giống như chúng ta có thể không nhớ việc học cách đi, mặc dù chân và bàn chân của chúng ta dường như đã hoàn toàn làm được việc này bây giờ, một số bài học quan trọng nhất của chúng ta trong quan hệ giữa người với người đã được học vào thời điểm mà cơ thể chúng ta có thể nhớ được, chứ không phải trí óc.
Đáp án D.